A seismic coherency method using spectral amplitudes  

一种基于振幅谱的地震相干属性计算方法（英文）

作　　者：隋京坤 郑晓东[1] 李艳东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《Applied Geophysics》2015年第3期353-361,467,共10页应用地球物理（英文版）

基　　金：sponsored by National Key S&T Project of China(No.2011ZX05004-003);the Research Program of RIPED(No.101002kt0b52135)

摘　　要：Seismic coherence is used to detect discontinuities in underground media. However, strata with steeply dipping structures often produce false low coherence estimates and thus incorrect discontinuity characterization results. It is important to eliminate or reduce the effect of dipping on coherence estimates. To solve this problem, time-domain dip scanning is typically used to improve estimation of coherence in areas with steeply dipping structures. However, the accuracy of the time-domain estimation of dip is limited by the sampling interval. In contrast, the spectrum amplitude is not affected by the time delays in adjacent seismic traces caused by dipping structures. We propose a coherency algorithm that uses the spectral amplitudes of seismic traces within a predefined analysis window to construct the covariance matrix. The coherency estimates with the proposed algorithm is defined as the ratio between the dominant the constructed covariance matrix. Thus, we eigenvalue and the sum of all eigenvalues of eliminate the effect of dipping structures on coherency estimates. In addition, because different frequency bands of spectral amplitudes are used to estimate coherency, the proposed algorithm has multiscale features. Low frequencies are effective for characterizing large-scale faults, whereas high frequencies are better in characterizing small-scale faults. Application to synthetic and real seismic data show that the proposed algorithm can eliminate the effect of dip and produce better coherence estimates than conventional coherency algorithms in areas with steeply dipping structures.相干属性是检测地下介质不连续性特征的主要参数之一,但倾斜地层会对相干属性产生干扰,故在计算相干属性时需要消除地层倾角的影响。传统的相干属性计算一般使用时域倾角扫描法来消除地层倾角的影响,但这种方法的精度受到采样间隔等因素的限制,并不能很好地消除地层倾角的影响。根据振幅谱具有不受地层倾角影响的特点,本文提出将预先定义的子数据体内的地震数据变换为振幅谱,再利用振幅谱构造协方差矩阵,协方差矩阵最大特征根与矩阵迹的比值作为子数据体中心点的相干值。利用振幅谱计算相干属性的方法能够较好地消除地层倾角的影响,而且可以使用不同频段的振幅谱计算相干体,具备多尺度相干体算法的特性。模型数据和实际地震数据的应用结果表明,振幅谱相干属性可以更好地消除地层倾角对相干属性的影响。

关 键 词：COHERENCY spectral amplitude C3 algorithm DIP multiscale 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]