Fracture prediction using prestack Q calculation and attenuation anisotropy  

叠前地震衰减各向异性的裂缝预测方法及应用（英文）

作　　者：安勇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学CNPC物探重点实验室,北京102249

出　　处：《Applied Geophysics》2015年第3期432-440,469,共10页应用地球物理（英文版）

基　　金：supported in part by National Science&Technology Major Project(Grant No.2011ZX05019-008);the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Granted No.2013CB228600);Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Granted No.KYJJ2012-05-10)

摘　　要：The analysis of fractured reservoirs is very important to hydrocarbon exploration. The quality factor Q is a parameter used to characterize the attenuation of seismic waves in subsurface media. Q not only reflects the inherent properties of the medium but also is used to make predictions regarding reservoir fractures. Compared with poststack seismic data, prestack seismic data contain detailed stratigraphic information of seismic attributes and data inversion in reservoirs. The extraction of absorption parameters from prestack data improves the accuracy of attenuation estimates. In this study, I present a new method for calculating Q based on the modified S transform （MST） using common midpoint （CMP） preprocessed gathers. First, I use the MST with adjustable time-frequency resolution to carry out a high-precision time-frequency analysis of prestack CMP gathers and derive the calculation formula for the improved S transform-based frequency spectrum ratio method. Then, I use the energy density ratio to calculate the slope of the frequency spectrum ratio instead of the conventional amplitude ratio. Thus, I establish the relation between the slope of the spectrum ratio and offset as well as eliminate the offset effect by multichannel linear fitting, obtaining accurate Q values from seismic prestack data. Finally, I use the proposed prestack Q extraction method to study the fractured reservoir in Qianjin burried hill and P-wave absorption and attenuation anisotropy with good results in the fracture characterization.储层的裂缝分析在油气勘探中已变得愈来愈重要。品质因子Q值是表征地下介质对地震波吸收衰减特性的一个重要参数,不仅能够反映介质内部的本质特征,同时也可用于裂缝识别。在储层地震属性和反演中,地震叠前资料比叠后资料包含更加丰富的储层信息,因此,利用叠前地震道集进行吸收衰减参数提取能够进一步提高衰减系数估算的准确性。本文提出了一种在改进S变换基础上利用叠前地震CMP道集资料提取品质因子Q的方法。改进的叠前Q提取方法,首先是利用时频分辨率可调的改进S变换对叠前CMP道集进行时频分析,推导了利用改进S变换的频谱比法计算公式,其次采用能谱密度比替代传统的振幅比来逐道求取估算Q值的频谱比的斜率;然后建立谱比斜率与炮检距之间的关系式,采用多道拟合的方法消除炮检距影响,从叠前地震道集资料中提取准确的品质因子Q。最后本文把该叠前Q值计算方法引入到前进潜山储层裂缝预测中,纵波吸收衰减的各向异性具有好的实际应用效果。

关 键 词：FRACTURE ATTENUATION quality factor MST CMP gather 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]