基于多主体需求评估的老年人日间照料设施类型研究  

A Multi-Agency Needs Assessment Toolkit for the Classification of Adult Day Care Facilities

作　　者：李斌[1] 王依明[2] 李雪[2] 李华[2] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《城市规划学刊》2015年第5期111-118,共8页Urban Planning Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目资助:未来十年我国城市老年人口居家养老保障体系研究(批准号:12&ZD212)

摘　　要：当前养老设施存在类型划分不科学、类型未细分的问题,不能适应日益严峻的人口老龄化状况。首先,分析当前养老设施类型的供给方式及其不足,从制度变迁的视角分析养老设施的发展方式,提出养老设施类型决定机制的本质是养老设施的多维类型要素及其组合结构;其次,以上海老年人日间照料设施为对象展开需求调查,利用专家调查确定日间照料设施的类型要素,设计虚拟设施类型,利用老年人调查确定设施类型的要素内容偏好,提出了日间照料设施的类型细分方案,发现老年人最需要的日间照料设施类型要素内容组合为"护理保健服务、15min内步行、照护保险、临近医院";最后,讨论了养老设施类型划分方法的理论意义,从而为养老设施政策制定与规划实践提供参考。The current problems of researches on elderly facilities include inappro- priate classification and absence of detailed typology, which is an obstacle to providing timely responses to elderly care needs in an ageing society. This research firstly analyzes the supply of elderly facilities and their shortcomings, analyzes development pattern of elderly facilities from the perspective of institutional evolution, and concludes that categorization of elderly facilities is determined by multiple factors and the structural content. Secondly, the research investigates the care needs of adult day care facilities in Shanghai. Types and contents of adult day care facilities were determined through expert consultation. Then on this basis, the research made ten plan cards by use of orthogonal design based on the requirements of conjoint analysis. The elderly respondents were asked for their preference of types and contents of the adult day care facilities. The data lead to a detailed typology of elderly facilities based on a cluster analysis. The study found that the elderly＇s most favorite combination of adult day care was health care servicewithin less than 15 minutes＇ walking distance, medical care insurance and proximity to hospitals. Finally, this research concludes with a discussion of the theoretical significance of the typology in policy making and planning.

关 键 词：养老设施 类型要素 养老服务 需求 聚类分析 

分 类 号：TU246.2[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU984.14