长沙地区居民饮水暴露参数调查  

Drinking water exposure factors among residents in Changsha

作　　者：郑婵娟[1] 王贝贝[2] 周桂凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学医学院,湖南长沙410013 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2015年第7期610-613,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：湖南师范大学青年基金(医140663)

摘　　要：目的了解长沙地区居民主要饮水暴露参数情况,为评价长沙地区居民对水中化学污染物暴露和健康风险评价提供依据。方法于2011年11月—2012年5月采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,从长沙市随机选取所辖的两个地区中18岁及以上居民进行主要饮水暴露参数的调查,并通过问卷调查和标准量具相结合的方法进行入户调查,获得当地居民的饮水情况。结果长沙地区居民饮用水源主要以自来水和泉水为主,分别占49.7%,24.9%,饮水量中位数为1 575 ml/d,居民夏季饮水量（2 180 ml/d）〉春、秋季（1 400 ml/d）〉冬季（1 225 ml/d）,男性饮水量（1 650 ml/d）高于女性（1 475 ml/d）,饮水量随年龄的增大而增加,60岁及以上居民饮水量最高（1 875 ml/d）,18~44岁居民饮水量最低（1 500 ml/d）,城市居民饮水量（1 600 ml/d）高于农村居民（1 555 ml/d）,饮水量随体质指数（BMI）的升高而增加,超重人群（BMI≥24.0 kg/m2）的饮水量最高（1 555 ml/d）,偏瘦人群（BMI〈18.5 kg/m2）的饮水量最低（1 400 ml/d）,高中毕业人群饮水量最多（1 650 ml/d）,本科及以上人群饮水量最低（1 450 ml/d）,且饮水量在不同性别、年龄、城乡、BMI、文化程度和季节等因素中存在统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论长沙地区居民饮水量受性别、年龄、城乡、BMI、文化程度、季节等因素的影响,在评价人体对水中污染物暴露和健康风险应综合考虑各因素条件下的饮水量。Objective To acquire the drinking water exposure factors of residents and provide basic data for assessing the waterborne pollutants exposure and health risk assessment in Changsha. Methods 18 years or older residents randomly selected by multiple-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from two areas in Changsha from Dec. 2011 to May 2012.The information on drinking water exposure factors of residents were investigated by using a quantitative measurement in questionnaire survey. Results The main source of drinking water of residents in Changsha were tap water and spring water,which account for 49.7% and 24.9% respectively. The median drinking water intake rate of residents was 1 575 ml/d in Changsha. The drinking water intake rate ranked as summer（2 180 ml/d）〉spring-autumn（1 400 ml/d） winter（1 225 ml/d）.The drinking water intake rate of male（1 650 ml/d） was higher than female（1 475 ml/d）. Drinking water was increased along with the growing age, and residents of age group 60 years and older had the highest（1 875 ml/d） whereas residents of age group 18-44 years had the lowest（1 500 ml/d）. Drinking water of urban residents（1 600 ml/d） was higher than rural residents（1 555 ml/d）. Drinking water was increased along with BMI, and residents of BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2 had the highest（1 555 ml/d）whereas residents of BMI18.5 kg/m2 had the lowest（1 400 ml/d）. The residents graduated from high school had the highest drinking water intake rate（ 1 650 ml/d）, who graduated from college or above had the lowest（ 1 450 ml/d）. There were significant differences in drinking water intake rate among gender, age, urban and rural, BMI, educational level and season（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion Gender, age, urban and rural, BMI, educational level and season may influence drinking water intake rate of residents in Changsha, and these factors should be taken into account in waterborne pollutants exposure and health risk assessment.

关 键 词：饮水量 居民 暴露参数 长沙 

分 类 号：R181-3[医药卫生—流行病学]