长春站非合作目标激光测距资料的定轨  

Orbit Determination of Non-cooperative Targets Using Laser Ranging Data at Changchun Station

作　　者：孙建南[1,2] 刘承志[1] 范存波[1] 孙明国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台长春人造卫星观测站,长春130117 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《天文学报》2015年第5期474-482,共9页Acta Astronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11373047)资助

摘　　要：精密解算了非合作目标的单站激光测距数据.观测数据少、数据弧段分布不好是对非合作目标进行精密定轨的难点.通过定轨过程中对动力学模型的选择及求解参数的选取,使得轨道计算收敛.解算多组圈数的非合作目标数据,将轨道重叠弧段对比作为评判定轨精度的指标;从多组圈数中提取出一圈的观测数据,对其余数据进行定轨处理,将定轨后的轨道结果与提取出的观测数据进行对比,得到在同一时刻的距离偏差,使其作为精密定轨的外符合.结果表明:对非合作目标(4814)进行精密定轨,平均测距残差为1.01 m,在测距方向上,测量数据外符合的平均轨道精度为14.35 m,预报1 d的测距精度为24.60 m.The precise orbit determination software successfully processes the satellite laser ranging data of the non-cooperative targets in a single station. The insufficient observation data and the sole distribution data have become a principal difficulty in the orbit determination of the non-cooperative targets. Through the choices of dynamic models and the selections of solving parameters in the process of orbit determination, the condition equation can be solved with a convergence algorithm, and the orbit is obtained. The positional deviation obtained with the method of orbital overlap will be used as the accuracy index in calculating more groups of non-cooperative targets data. And the ranging deviation is obtained by comparing the trajectory information after orbit determination with the observation data uninvolved in orbit determination, which can be regarded as the externally coincident precision. The results show that the average ranging residual is 1.01 meters, the outer precision is 14.35 meters, and the precision of 1-day orbit prediction is 24.60 meters for non-cooperative target （4814）.

关 键 词：航天器 天体力学 轨道计算与定轨 方法 数据分析 

分 类 号：P135[天文地球—天体力学]