两汉《五行志》中的日食记录研究  

Research on the Solar Eclipse Records in the Wuxingzhi of Both Han Dynasties

作　　者：李勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100012

出　　处：《天文学报》2015年第5期491-505,共15页Acta Astronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(10973022;11403062)资助

摘　　要：研究内容如下:(1)考察了朱文鑫先生"两汉日食考"中的142次日食数据,比对西汉(东汉)时期《中国古代天象记录总集》,所得公历日期与其同者计38次(61次),占70%(85%),所得结论与其同者42次(61次),占78%(85%).两汉《五行志》记日食计126次,其中无食21次,首都不见7次,日出前9次,日没后1次,见食凡88次,占70%,见食地通常为首都.(2)借助笔者建立的中国历史时期的日期转换平台考察两汉《五行志》日食的历日记录,由此对两汉历谱精度进行了评估.西汉(东汉)行用历法中月、日的标准误差分别为0.31月(0.17月)和0.97日(0.74日).(3)同时亦研究了两汉日食位置记录的精度,得出西汉(东汉)太阳位置记录的标准误差为11.08?(6.63?),扣除可能的错记则为9.30?(3.59?).指出若两汉的距星相同,则东汉时期太阳位置的观测误差均值为2.8?,远好于西汉时期的8.2?;若两者存在差异,则它们多出在误差偏大的宿中.(4)尝试通过有食分描述的日食记录确定?T(ET-UT)取值,同时得出"既"的食分范围为0.969～1.0,"几尽"为0.829～0.985,"不尽如钩"为0.861～0.926.In this paper, we investigate the paper Lianghan Rishi Kao （inspect the solar-eclipse records in Both Han dynasties） written by Zhu Wenxin when compared the solar-eclipse records with those in the book Zhongguo Gudai Tianxiang Jilu Zong ji （collection of Chinese ancient astronomical records）, and find 38 （61） records with the same dates in Western （Eastern） Han dynasty, equal to 70% （85%） of total. Our results have 42 （61） with the same dates in Western （Eastern） Han dynasty as just 78% （85%） of the total. There are totally 126 solar-eclipse records in the Wuxingzhi of both Hart Dynasties. We confirm that there are 21 no occurred, 7 invisible in the capital then, 9 occurred before sunrise, 1 after sunset, and the left 88 are seen, occupying 70% as usually occurred in the capital area. With the help of our transformation platform as from Chinese ancient 60-day-cycle style dates to Gregorian calendar dates, we check the date records of solar eclipses in the Wuxingzhi of both Han dynasties, and then review the accuracy of the calendar. The standard errors of month and day are respectively 0.31 month （0.17 month） and 0.97 day （0.74 day） in the Western （Eastern） Han dynasty. At the same time, the standard errors of solar location of the records are determined, they are 11.08° （6.63°） in Western （Eastern） Han dynasty, and after excluding the possible misrecords the accuracy changes to 9.30° （3.59° ）. If the Yuxing （key star of this constellation） was the same in both Han dynasties, the average value of observation error of solar location in Eastern Han dynasty is 2.8° , far better than 8.2° in Western Han dynasty. Otherwise, they most likely appear in some constellations with larger deviation. We try to determine the AT （ET-UT） value of solar-eclipse records with the magnitude descriptions, and at the same time, it is concluded that the magnitude of Ji （total eclipse） is 0.969-1.0, Jijin （the sun is covered almost all） is 0.829-0.985, and Buj

关 键 词：天文学史和哲学 日食 

分 类 号：P194[天文地球—天文学]