宁夏引黄灌区有机无机肥配施对露地蔬菜产量、氮素吸收利用和土壤无机氮残留的影响  

Effect of Different Combined Application of Organic-inorganic Fertilizers on Yield, N Uptake and Utilization and Soil Inorganic Nitrogen Residual of Open-field Broccoli and Chinese Cabbage in Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia

作　　者：崔银萍[1] 罗健航[2] 吴涛[3] 冒海军[4] 陈晓群[2] 张学军[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002 [3]宁夏青铜峡市农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏青铜峡751600 [4]宁夏平罗县农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏平罗753400

出　　处：《宁夏农林科技》2015年第8期3-6,共4页Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41361062)

摘　　要：2012-2014年在宁夏引黄灌区开展有机无机配施对露地花椰菜一大白菜产量、氮素吸收利用影响及其氮肥合理投入阈值研究。结果表明：2012-2014年花椰菜和大白菜经济产量在不同施氮肥处理间存在显著差异。相对于NO处理，除MN0处理外，其他有机无机配施氮肥均可显著提高花椰菜和大白菜经济产量；2012年和2013年花椰菜当季氮肥利用率分别为30．8％～61．0％和23．8％-41．8％，大白菜的氮肥利用率分别为26．3％-54．7％和16．2％-50．0％；合理地配施有机无机肥能显著提高露地蔬菜的经济产量及对氮素的吸收利用。在花椰菜季，0～20cm、0～100cm土体Nmin累积量与施氮量都呈二次曲线关系，相关性都不高；而在2012-2014年大白菜季，0-20cm、0-100cm土体Nmin累积量与施氮量也都呈二次曲线关系，施氮量与土壤无机氮残留量相关性也不高；表明中高肥力田块土壤基础氮素累积较高，土体Nmin残留量并不完全和施氮量同步。A study was conducted on the effects of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on the yield, N uptake and utilization of the open-field broccoli and Chinese cabbage, and the reasonable input threshold of nitrogen fertilizer in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia from 2012 to 2014. The results showed that the differences between the economic yields of the open-field broccoli and Chinese cabbage with different treatments of N fertilizer application were significant. In contrast to control （treatment NO） and except for the MNO treatment, the other treatments with the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer N could all significantly increase the economic yield of the open-field broccoli and Chinese cabbage. The N recovery efficiency （REN） of the broccoli was ranged from 30.8%- 61.0% and 23.8% - 41.8% in 2012 and 2013, respectively; and the corresponding REN of Chinese cabbage was 26.3% - 54.7% and 16.2% ~ 50.0%, respectively. The rational combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer could significantly increase the economic yields and N uptake and utilization of the open-field vegetables. In the broccoli season, the amounts of soil Nmin accumulation in 0- 20 cm and 0- 100 cm showed a quadric curve relationship with the N fertilizer application rates and the correlation was not high. In the Chinese cabbage season in 2012 to 2014, the amounts of soil Nmin accumulation in 0-20 cm and 0 -100 cm also showed a quadric curve relationship with the N＇fertilizer application rates and the correlation between the N rate and the residual amount of soil inorganic nitrogen was also not high. It showed that on the middle and high fertility farmland the soil foundation nitrogen accumulation was high and the Nmin residual volume of the soil was not completely synchronized with the application of nitrogen.

关 键 词：有机无机配施 花椰菜—白菜 产量 氮素吸收 无机氮残留 

分 类 号：S635.3[农业科学—蔬菜学] S634.1[农业科学—园艺学]