不同收获方式对油菜子粒损失、含油量及种植效益的影响  

Effects of Harvest Methods on Yield Loss Rate,Oil Content and Planting Efficiency for Rape

作　　者：陈红琳[1] 陈尚洪[1] 沈学善[1] 蒋梁材[2] 刘定辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,四川成都610066 [2]四川省农业科学院,四川成都610066

出　　处：《作物杂志》2015年第5期74-79,共6页Crops

基　　金：四川省"十二五"农作物及畜禽育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-15-6);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川省油菜创新团队(川农业函[2014]91号);国家科技支撑计划(2010BAD01B08)

摘　　要：以川油36、华海油1号为供试材料,以全人工收获为对照,分析脱粒机分段收获、机械联合收获对油菜收获损失率、菜子含油量及种植效益的影响。结果表明,两个品种不同收获方式的总损失率均表现为机械联合收获>脱粒机分段收获>全人工收获;两个品种全人工收获均以田间晾晒损失率最大,占总损失量的95%以上,脱粒机分段收获均以脱粒损失率最大,占总损失量的70%以上;机械联合收获均以自然脱粒损失率最小,但川油36以割台总损失率最大,占总损失的66.80%,华海油1号以清选、脱粒总损失率最大,占总损失的56.79%。机械联合收获降低了两个品种油菜子含油量,但种植效益均表现为机械联合收获>脱粒机分段收获>全人工收获。因此,在成都平原等适合大型机具操作的区域及田块,收获方式应首先考虑机械联合收获;在丘陵山区及部分不适合大型机具田间操作的小田块,可考虑选取小型油菜脱粒机进行分段收获。Taking the artificial harvesting as experiment control, a field experiment on oilseed rape variety Chuanyou 36 and Huahaiyou 1 was carried out to study the effects of harvest methods on yield loss rate, oil content and planting efficiency. The results showed that the total yield loss rate of both Chuanyou 36 and Huahaiyou 1 under different methods were sorted by mechanized combine harvesting 〉 thresher two-stage harvesting 〉 artificial harvesting, yield loss caused by sun-curing and picking up accounted for the maximum proportion of total yield loss under artificial harvesting ,while yield loss caused by threshing accounted for the maximum proportion of total yield loss under thresher two-stage harvesting. The yield loss rate caused by shattering of both Chuanyou 36 and Huahaiyou 1 under mechanized combine harvesting were the minimum. For Chuanyou 36, the yield loss caused by combine header was the maximum, accounted for 66.80% of total yield loss, while the yield loss caused by cleaning and threshing for Huahaiyou 1 was the maximum, accounted for 56.79% of total yield loss. The seed oil content increased under mechanized harvesting,but the order of planting efficiency both Chuanyou 36 and Huahaiyou 1 were mechanized combine harvesting 〉 thresher two-stage harvesting 〉 artificial harvesting. Therefore, in the area where was suitable for combine harvester such as Chengdu plain, mechanized combine harvesting should be firstly considered, while in the area where was not suitable for combine harvester such as hilly area, thresher two-stage harvesting should be firstly considered.

关 键 词：油菜 收获方式 损失率 菜子含油量 效益 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]