油菜种子萌发成苗期耐低温性评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Low Temperature Tolerance in Rapeseed during Germination and Emergence Periods

作　　者：鲜孟筑 杨萍[1] 胡立勇[1] 徐正华[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《作物杂志》2015年第5期116-122,共7页Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31301268);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2013QC043)

摘　　要：采用光照培养箱对30个油菜品种（系）进行不同温度处理,观察油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长状况。结果表明：（1）10/5℃低温条件下油菜种子发芽率及成苗率低于对照（25/20℃）,品种间差异显著;10/5℃低温胁迫下平均发芽时间为对照的3.32~7.23倍,发芽指数与幼苗活力指数分别为对照的0.01~0.52倍和0.02~0.60倍;10/5℃低温胁迫下油菜苗高、根长、总苗长均低于对照（25/20℃）,根苗比降低;10/5℃低温胁迫下绝大多数品种总鲜重、鲜干比及根干重降低,苗干重和总干重增加。（2）通过主成分分析,筛选出成苗率等6个指标作为种子萌发成苗耐低温的综合性评价指标。（3）隶属函数分析表明,30个油菜品种（系）中沣油823、德核油999、秦优7号为强抗低温,圣光127、HN4、湘杂油2号和华油杂14号为抗低温,赣油杂5号等14个品种（系）为中抗低温,中油杂12、沣油737、沣油682、浙双8号、华双4号、丰油730为弱抗低温,A35、华早291和德油8号表现最差,为低温敏感品种。Thirty rapeseed varieties were used for germinating under different temperatures which controlled by illumination incubator （ GDN ） , then seed germination and emergence situation was observed every day. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） Germination percentage and emergence percentage under low temperature were lower than the control, the variations were significant among varieties;Under 3.32 - 7.23 times of the control, germination index and se low temperature stress, the mean germination time was edling vigor index were 0.01 - 0.52 and 0.02 - 0.60 times of the control, respectively ; Shoot length, root length and total length were lower than that of the control, the ratio of shoot to root length was decreased;Total fresh weight, the ratio of total fresh weight to dry weight and root dry weight of most varieties were decreased while shoot dry weight and total dry weight were increased. （2） Six indicators were screened as comprehensive evaluation indexes for the seed tolerance to low temperature during germination and emergence periods through principal component analysis. （3）Subordinate function analysis showed that, Fengyou 823 ,Dehcyou 999 and Qinyou No. 7 showed extremely strong resistance to low temperature, Shengguang 127, HN4, Xiangzayou No. 2 and Huayouza No. 14 had a strong resistance, Ganyouza No. 5, such as 14 varieties （ materials） had a moderate resistance, Zhongyouza 12, Fengyou 737, Fengyou 682, Zheshuang No. 8, Huashuang No. 4 and Fengyou 730 had a weak resistance,A35 ,Huazao 291 and Deyou No. 8 performed sensitive to low temperature.

关 键 词：油菜 种子发芽率 成苗率 耐低温评价 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]