北京市湿地削减大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)功能  

Effect of wetlands on reducing atmospheric fine particles PM_(2.5) in Beijing

作　　者：康晓明[1,2,3] 崔丽娟[1,2,3] 赵欣胜[1,2,3] 李伟[1,2,3] 张曼胤 魏圆云[1,2,3] 雷茵茹[1,2,3] 马牧源 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,北京100091 [2]湿地生态功能与恢复北京市重点实验室,北京100091 [3]北京汉石桥湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京101399

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第10期2807-2813,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：北京湿地生态质量调查与评价项目(2012)资助

摘　　要：基于野外观测与遥感反演相结合的方法,在点位和区域尺度上研究北京城区湿地在削减大气细颗粒物PM2.5中的作用。结果表明,北京城区湿地能够显著削减周边大气环境中的细颗粒物浓度,其中翠湖湿地附近的PM2.5浓度显著低于周边裸地(P<0.05),可削减空气中17%的PM2.5,降低幅度最高可达50%。而且,湖库湿地在削减PM2.5浓度方面作用更加显著,优于河流湿地(P<0.05)。北京市PM2.5浓度的空间分布格局表现出西北<东南、郊区<城区的空间分布规律。因此,在未来的湿地建设中应合理选择湿地类型,更多地考虑紧凑型湿地如湖库湿地的建设,科学配置湿地和植物资源,使湿地更加有效地发挥其增湿、促使局地流场发生变化的作用,最终改善局地微气象条件,削减大气细颗粒物,缓解城市雾霾天气。研究结果为北京市湿地保护管理、规划和布局以及及时制定控制PM2.5的政策和措施提供了科学依据。Based on field observation and remote sensing data, this research investigated the function of wetlands in reducing the concentration of atmospheric fine particles PM2.5 in Beijing. The results indicated that wetlands could reduce the PM2.5 concentration significantly. For exam- ple, the concentration of PM2.5 around Cuihu Lake wetland （P〈0.05） was remarkably lower than that nearby hare land. Wetland reduced PM2.5 in surrounding air by 17% averagely, and the peak reduction could reach 50%. The results also demonstrated the reduction effect of lake and reser- voir was larger than that of river （P〈0.05）. The distribution of PM2.5 in Beijing showed a spatial pattern of northwest 〈 southeast and suburb region 〈 downtown. It is necessary to appropriately select wetland types especially lake and reservoir wetlands and properly allocate plants in wet- lands in future wetland construction, so that wetlands can play roles in humidifying and changing the flow field, thus achieving the goals of improving meteorological conditions, reducing atmos- pheric fine particles, and relieving haze in urban area. This research provides scientific guidance for wetlands conservation, planning and distribution in Beijing, as well as for making policies of PM2.5 pollution control.

关 键 词：湖库湿地 河流湿地 细颗粒物 PM2.5 遥感 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]