双岛湾大叶藻的有性生殖特征  

Sexual reproductive characteristics of Zostera marina L. in Shuangdao Bay

作　　者：李乐乐[1] 郑凤英[1] 刘雪芹[1] 金艳梅[1] 韩晓弟[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学(威海)海洋学院,山东威海264209

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第10期2866-2872,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：山东省科技发展计划项目(2010GHY10507)资助

摘　　要：对威海双岛湾大叶藻(Zostera marina L.)种群的有性生殖特性进行了研究。结果表明:该水域中,大叶藻种群于3月下旬或4月上旬进入生殖枝始现期,5月上旬进入始花期,6月下旬进入种子散落高峰期,7月上旬进入生殖枝死亡始期,7月下旬生殖期结束,其有性生殖物候进程与水温密切相关,15℃是其开花适宜水温;生殖枝的侧枝数和扇状聚伞花序数在进入始花期时达到最大,分别为4.4和4.9个·株-1,佛焰苞数和生殖枝高度均在种子散落始期最大,分别为18.6个·株-1和96.2 cm,种子败育率较高,平均为40%,成熟种子产量为44.8粒·株-1;生殖枝密度在始花期时达到最大,为64株·m-2,生殖枝分化率平均仅有12.6%,有性生殖期间营养枝密度和种群总密度的下降幅度超过40%;生殖枝生物量在初果期达到最大(27.9 g·m-2),从始花期至种子散落高峰期平均种群生物量分配格局为地下部38.4%,营养枝52.4%,生殖枝9.2%,生殖分配较低,成熟种子产量为1859粒·m-2。We studied sexual reproductive characteristics of a population of eelgrass （Zostera ma- rina L.） in Shuangdao Bay, Weihai, China. At population scale, reproductive shoots were first observed in late March or early April. Initial anthesis occurred in early May, and seed release peaked in late June. Senescent reproductive shoots season ended in late July. The phenophases of this were detached around early July and the fertile species were closely correlated with water tern- perature and 15 ℃ wasrequired for initial anthesis. At individual scale, the maximum numbers of reproductive branch and rhipidium were recorded in the initial appearance of reproductive shoots, and they were 4.4 and 4.9 per shoot, respectively. The maximum number of spathes per shoot （18.6） and the maximum height of reproductive shoots （96.2 cm） were observed during the initial seed release with a mean abortion rate of 40%. The average mature seed production of eelgrass was 44.8 per shoot. The maximum density of reproductive shoot （64 shoots. m-2） was found in initial anthesis. The reproductive shoot ratio was only 12.6%. The vegetative shoot densi- ty and total population density decreased more than 40% in reproductive season. The biomass of reproductive shoots was the largest （27.9 g. m-2） in the initial appearance of visible fruit and the mean biomass allocation percentages of underground, vegetative shoots and reproductive shoots were 38.4%, 52.4% and 9.2% respectively. The mature seed production of eelgrass was 1859 seeds. m-2.

关 键 词：大叶藻 物候 生殖构件 生殖枝分化率 生物量分配 双岛湾 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]