匈牙利转型:集体记忆与政治——以1956年事件为个案  

Transition of Hungary: Collective Memory and Politics——Taking 1956 Event as the Example

作　　者：黄立茀[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2015年第5期68-77,共10页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

摘　　要：依据政治领域任务,1988年以后的匈牙利历史可划分为剧变、转型、后转型三个阶段1。1988年至今,匈牙利执政者掌控1956年集体记忆的机制由三个环节构成:颁布官方文件颠覆事件旧定性,塑造事件新定性的集体记忆;移除旧记忆载体,删除旧的集体记忆,拓展历史记忆载体,强化、固化新的集体记忆;举办大型纪念活动,使关于事件的集体记忆演化为定向的社会情绪,为当局执政方针服务。匈牙利执政者通过上述掌控机制,塑造了与不同发展阶段政治目标相适应的集体记忆,对推动剧变、转型、后转型阶段政治进程产生了重要的影响。According to the tasks in political field, the history of Hungary after 1988 is divided into three stages, i.e. upheaval, transition and post transition. Since 1988, the mechanism of Hungarian rulers to control 1956 collective memory is composed of three steps： to issue official documents to subvert the former nature of the event, to create the collective memory for new nature of the event; to remove the carriers of old memory, delete old collective memory, expand the carriers of historical memory, strengthen and solidify new collective memory; hold large commemorative activities to make the collection memory about the event evolve into the directed social emotion and serve for the ruling policy of the authority. Through the these control mechanism, the rulers of Hungary created the collective memory matched with the political objects in different development stages, imposing important influence to the promotion of political process including upheaval, transition and post transition.

关 键 词：匈牙利 1956年事件 集体记忆 转型 政治 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学]