运力过剩环境下船舶减速减排策略研究  

Research on speed and emission reductions of shipping under the excess capacity environment

作　　者：王直欢[1] 李霞蔚[1] 杨斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学科学研究院,上海201306

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第5期701-706,共6页Journal of Central China Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71171129);上海市科委科研计划项目(12510501600;14DZ2280200);交通运输部应用基础研究项目(2014329810120);上海高校青年教师培养资助计划;上海海事大学研究生创新基金项目

摘　　要：减速航行是当前集装箱运力供过于求环境下,航运企业控制闲置成本和减少碳排放的重要途径.以单一航线上航速和船舶数量为决策变量,综合考虑航速与航次时间、航线配船数、运营成本及碳排放等非线性关系,构建班轮集装箱船队成本变化最小为目标的混合整数规划模型,算例结果表明随航速下降,船舶总成本先降后升,碳排放成本则持续减少.在此基础上,引入边际利润概念分析海运船舶在不同减排政策下的航速选择策略,并针对油价和货物价值的变化进行敏感性分析.最后,从海运供应链角度讨论了减速航行对船公司以及货主影响,对集装箱船舶运输经济性及航速选择具有借鉴意义.Speed reduction has become an important way to control costs and CO2 emission under seriousexcess capacity of shipping. In the present work, the economic and environmental factorswere taken into consideration, including voyage time, fleet deployment, inventory costs and carbon tax. Then, a MIP optimization model was establishedwith minimized cost for containerships, indicatingthatshipping costs decreasedbefore risenwhile carbon costs continued dropping as speed reducing. A concept of marginal pro{it was utilized to analyze the speed selection strategy of shipping under costs saving and emission reduction policies. A sensitive analysis was also conducted to study the relationshipsbetween slow steaming andthe change of fuel price and cargo value. Moreover, the effect of speed reduction on both shipping company and cargo owner is discussed from shipping supply chain perspective, andsuggestions for containership speed reductionare given.

关 键 词：船舶减速 船舶能耗 班轮运输 碳排放 非线性规划 

分 类 号：F552.5[经济管理—产业经济] U692.3[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]