三峡工程蓄水前后长江中下游环境流特征变化研究  

Study on environmental flow change in the middle-lower Yangtze River before and after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam

作　　者：王学雷[1,2] 姜刘志[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,武汉430077 [2]环境与灾害监测评估湖北省重点实验室,武汉430077

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第5期797-804,共8页Journal of Central China Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171426);中国科学院测地所重要方向项目

摘　　要：环境流是为保障河流生态系统健康发展、河流生态功能得以恢复的一种水文情势过程.三峡水利工程的建设,也改变了长江的天然水文情势,也直接或间接影响该流域重要生物资源,改变生物群落的结构组成分布等,从而对长江中下游一定范围内的生态与环境带来深远影响.基于IHA分析法,研究三峡蓄水前后长江中下游的生态水文特征变化及环境流指标变化.结果表明:长江中下游4个水文站的环境流组成在三峡蓄水前后呈不同程度的变化;环境流组成也逐渐趋于单一化,各水文站的流量事件以枯水流量事件和高脉冲流量事件为主;三峡蓄水对大、小洪水事件和特枯流量事件的影响较为显著;三峡工程运行对长江中下游生态水文指标和环境流指标的影响,整体上表现出随着离三峡大坝距离的增加而有不同程度减弱的趋势;沿程汉江支流的汇入,以及洞庭湖、鄱阳湖对长江干流水文情势的调蓄作用在一定程度上缓解了三峡蓄水带来的影响.Environmental flow is a hydrological regime process to ensure the development of river ecosystem and ecological restoration. The impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam （TGR） has resulted in profound impacts on the hydrological regimes of the middle-lower Yangtze River. In the present study, alterations in hydrological characteristics and environment flow of the middle-lower Yangtze River were analyzed based on IHA method. Results show that the environmental flow of Yichang, Chenglingji, Ha- nkou and Datong changes in different degrees~ The structure of environment flow is gradually tending more simplified~ The flow events of all the hydrologic stations are mainly low-flow and high pulse flow; The impounding of TGR has a significant effect on large and small flood events and low water flow event~ The influence on indexes of IHA and EFC by the operation of TGR decreases with the distance from the dam and is re lieved by the regulation of natural lakes （Dongting and Poyang lakes） and Hanjiang River.

关 键 词：环境流 三峡工程 蓄水 长江中下游 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]