历史人口学视角下的日本“近代家庭”论批判  

Critical Essay on Japanese “Modern Family” Theory from the Perspective of Historical Demography

作　　者：李书琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学日本学研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2015年第4期22-32,共11页Japanese Research

摘　　要：日本家庭社会学研究者普遍认为,随着近代化的发展,日本家庭也实现了近代化,迎来了"近代家庭"时代。"近代家庭"论是以"家庭"为分析单位形成的理论假说,其产生是在欧美家庭尤其是中产阶级家庭的基础上形成的;从该理论的理论逻辑来看,它只关注了集体秩序,而忽视了个体行动。然而,这一理论并没有经过关于预设的本体论、认识论和研究方法论的分析讨论就被日本社会学研究者们应用到日本社会的研究中去。落合惠美子列举了八个近代家庭的重要特征,其后又有研究者在其基础上增加了两个特征。一个社会理论应该经过充分的理论逻辑和方法论逻辑分析讨论之后才能考虑应用的问题。个体行动是任何社会理论必须考虑的问题之一。因此,要对家庭进行研究,必须首先对以家庭构成的基本要素——人口,作为分析单位和切入点,这样才能避免个体在研究过程中被忽视的问题。文章通过家庭社会史和历史人口学的视角,探讨了"近代家庭"论的预设假说。The Japanese scholars of family sociology hold a prevalent concept that as the development of modernization, Japanese family realized its modernization, and this nation also ushered in a ＂modern family＂ era. ＂Modern family＂ theory developed on the basis of the family type, especially the middle class family type in Europe and America, using ＂family＂ as the analysis unit. Moreover, the theory only focuses on the collective order, neglecting individual action. However, it has been applied by the Japanese scholars in Japanese family research without analysis concerning its presupposed ontology, epistemology, and methodology. Emiko Otiai firstly introduced the theory to Japan. She gave eight characteristics about modern family. In addition, another scholar gave two more characteristics about it. Before being applied, the logic of sociology theory and methodology should be analyzed. As an indispensable element, individual action must be contained in sociology theory. Therefore, if we want to research family, we must not neglect the fundamental element of family, namely, the demography. This essay analyzes the presupposed hypothesis of ＂modern family＂ theory from the perspective of social history of family and historical demography.

关 键 词：家庭社会史 历史人口学 近代家庭 预设假说 分析单位 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]