中国近海入侵贝类及其影响  

Invasive shellfish and their impacts on Chinese coastal waters

作　　者：宋积文[1] 董艳红[2] 李海涛[2] 赵研[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋石油总公司,北京100094 [2]国家海洋局南海环境监测中心,广东广州510300 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2015年第3期177-183,共7页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：南海区海洋环境质量综合评估方法[DOMEP(MEA)-01-03]

摘　　要：海洋贝类种类繁多,是近海底栖生态系统的优势种,在生态系统物质循环和能量流动中起着极其重要的作用;但因频繁的人类活动导致的贝类入侵问题,往往使该过程不能正常运转。大量研究表明,入侵贝类会抑制原著贝类或其他生物的生长及拓殖,形成单一优势群落,破坏当地生态系统的平衡,也会对海洋渔业生产和近海工程及作业等造成不可预测的危害。目前,欧美等国家针对该问题已开展了大量工作,十分重视入侵贝类的生物学、生态学与行为学特征及特性的研究,并根据其入侵途径与方式的不同开展了检测、监测、防控及管理工作。但在我国,入侵贝类还未引起相关部门及研究机构的足够重视。本文主要简述了我国近海的3种入侵贝类沙筛贝、指甲履螺和地中海贻贝的生物学、生态学及行为学等特征及其对当地生态系统的影响;同时,根据其特性及入侵过程控制的难易,建议在完善我国入侵贝类数据库的基础上加强早期预警与检测,以及安全防控和管理等工作。As one of the most diverse and abundant taxonomic groups, shellfish plays important roles in energy flow and nutrient cy-cling in marine ecosystems. However, this process has been badly hampered by invasive shellfish. Invasive shellfish become the dominant species after their establishment, threaten native species and inhibit the growth of other species, erode fishing facilities and artificial structures, leading to ecosystem damage, economic loss and inconvenience to locals. The study of biological invasions by shellfish has received intensive attentions in the marine environment in many developed countries, and researches mainly focused on studying inherent traits of species, invasion pathway, developing technology for early warning and controlling, and improving ability to generate invasion theory and manage invasive species. However, the study of the shellfish invasions has not been well received e-nough attention in China as well as other aquatic invasion species. This review aims to summarize the main invasive shellfish （ inclu-ding Mytilopsis sallei, Crepidula onyx, and Mytilus galloprovincialis） of Chinese coasts and discuss their damage to local ecosystems based on their special traits or behavior. At the same time, according to the characteristics and the control of the invasion process, it was suggested that we should strengthen the early warning and detection, and the prevention and management.

关 键 词：入侵生物 贝类 生物多样性 沙筛贝 指甲履螺 地中海贻贝 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]