秸秆覆盖对玉米生长、光合及产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Mulching on Maize Growth,Photosynthesis and Yield

作　　者：张向前[1] 钱益亮[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省农业科学院烟草所玉米研究中心,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《华北农学报》2015年第4期174-180,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：安徽省农科院院长青年创新基金项目(14B0202);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31401328)

摘　　要：为明确淮北地区玉米生产的适宜秸秆覆盖量,研究了不同秸秆覆盖量M0(0 kg/hm2)、M1(3 000 kg/hm2)、M2(6 000 kg/hm2)、M3(9 000 kg/hm2)、M4(12 000 kg/hm2)、M5(15 000 kg/hm2)和M6(18 000 kg/hm2)对玉米生长、光合和产量的影响。结果表明,玉米节间长和株高随秸秆覆盖量的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,并以M4最高。适宜的秸秆覆盖量可显著增加玉米叶绿素密度和单株绿叶面积,但当秸秆覆盖水平增加到一定程度,不同秸秆覆盖量效果间的差异不再明显。玉米群体干物重受秸秆覆盖的影响明显,并以M4处理最高,分别比M0和M6在大喇叭口期、吐丝期、灌浆中期和成熟期增加了24.6%,17.2%,13.7%,8.6%和2.0%,2.3%,1.9%,0.8%。玉米各叶绿素荧光参数受秸秆覆盖的影响明显,M4处理的叶绿素荧光参数Fm、Fv/Fm、ΦpsⅡ和ETR显著高于M0,而Fo却显著低于M0。玉米产量随秸秆覆盖量的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,并以M4最高,M0最低,分别为10 186.8,9 365.1 kg/hm2。相关分析表明,叶绿素密度、单株绿叶面积、群体干物重、实际光化学效率与产量皆呈显著直线正相关关系。研究得出,淮北地区玉米适宜的秸秆覆盖量为12 000 kg/hm2,秸秆覆盖量过高和过低皆不利于增产。To clarify the suitable quantity of straw mulching for maize production in Huaibei area,an experiment with different straw mulching levels M0 （0 kg /ha）,M1 （3 000 kg /ha）,M2 （6 000 kg /ha）,M3 （9 000 kg /ha）, M4（1 2 000 kg /ha）,M5（1 5 000 kg /ha）and M6（1 8 000 kg /ha）was conducted to study the effects of straw mulc-hing on maize growth,photosynthesis and yield.The results showed that the internode length and plant height of maize presented a change trend of first increased and then decreased with increasing straw mulching levels,and M4 had the highest values.The suitable straw mulching quantity significantly increased chlorophyll density and green leaf area per plant of maize,but when the straw mulching level increased to a certain extent the difference in effect of straw mulching between different straw mulching quantity was no longer obvious.The population dry matter weight of maize was also obviously affected by straw mulching,and M4 had the highest values,when compared to M0 and M6,the population dry matter weight was increased by 24.6%,1 7.2%,1 3.7%,8.6% and 2.0%,2.3%,1 .9%, 0.8% respectively at big trumpet stage,silking stage,middle of filling stage and maturity stage.The chlorophyll flu-orescence parameter of maize was also obviously affected by straw mulching,the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter of Fm,Fv /Fm,ΦpsⅡ and ETR of M4 was significant higher than that of M0,while Fo was significant lower than that of M0.The yield of maize had a change trend of first increased and then decreased with increasing straw mulching levels,and the yield of M4 （1 0 1 86.8 kg /ha）was the highest,M0 （9 365.1 kg /ha）was the lowest.Correlation a-nalysis revealed that the chlorophyll density,green leaf area per plant,population dry matter weight,and actual pho-tochemical efficiency were all significantly positively correlated to yield with the shape of a straight line.All the findings revealed that the suitable straw mulching quantity for maize in Huaibei area was 1 2 000 kg /ha,while the

关 键 词：叶绿素密度 单株绿叶面积 叶绿素荧光 产量 

分 类 号：S513.011[农业科学—作物学]