有机无机肥料配合施用对设施黄瓜产量、氮素累积及硝酸盐淋溶的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Nitrate Accumulation of Cucumber and Nitrate Leaching under Greenhouse Condition

作　　者：高伟[1] 李明悦[1] 高宝岩[1] 李伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津市农业资源与环境研究所,天津300192 [2]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《华北农学报》2015年第4期188-193,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：中国-国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)合作项目;农业部植物营养与肥料学科群开放基金项目(2014JZDKFKT001)

摘　　要：在不同的施肥模式下,探讨有机无机配合施用对设施黄瓜产量、氮素吸收、硝态氮在土壤中的累积和淋溶的影响,明确在设施条件下黄瓜种植过程中有机肥和氮肥的最佳配施量。通过田间小区试验,结合原位土渗漏装置,进行植株、土壤和渗漏水的采集和测定进行研究。结果表明,采用有机无机肥料配合施用,黄瓜产量平均增加12.1%,增收7.1%,其中施用低量氮肥处理(OM+N1PK)的增产和增收效果更佳;采用有机无机配合施肥处理可显著增加果实中氮的累积量,单纯增加氮肥的施用只会增加植株中氮的累积量,果实中未见增加;有机无机肥料配合施用能显著降低灌溉水和硝态氮的渗漏量,在氮肥用量相同的条件下,分别可降低14.2%和26.6%;施氮量较高的处理(OM+N2PK),硝态氮在各土层出现了明显的累积。因此,有机无机肥料配合施用应适当减少化学氮肥的用量,在本试验条件下采用OM+N1PK施肥模式为最佳。In this paper,influence of different fertilization mode on yield of cucumber and nitrogen accumula-tion and leaching of soil nitrate was systematically studied to explicit the optimum combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers under greenhouse condition.Based on a lysimeter experiment with undisturbed soil layers,plants,soil and leakage water were collected and detected.The results showed that compared with the chemi-cal fertilizer application pattern,the yield and economic benefits increased by 1 2.1 % and 7.1 % under the com-bined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers,with the highest yield and income for the combines ap-plication pattern of N 1 PK in chemical fertilizer and organic manure.At the same time,the combined application pat-terns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers significantly increased nitrogen accumulation,the increase of nitro-gen fertilizer would only increase the accumulation of nitrogen in plant,no increase in fruit;The combined applica-tion patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers could significantly reduce the amount of leakage of irrigation water and nitrate nitrogen,the amount of leakage of irrigation water and the NO -3 -N leakage rates in the leakage wa-ter significantly decreased by 1 4.2% and 26.6% under the same chemical nitrogen application;Treatment of nitro-gen application amount higher （OM ＋N 2 PK）,the soil nitrate nitrogen appeared obvious accumulation.Thus,the combined application patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers could increase the yield and income,but＆amp;nbsp;also should be applied properly to reduce the chemical N fertilizer application;the pattern of combined application of N 1 PK in chemical fertilizer and organic manure under this experimental condition was the best.

关 键 词：设施黄瓜 有机无机肥料配合施用 产量 硝态氮淋溶 硝态氮残留 

分 类 号：S147.34[农业科学—肥料学] S642.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]