节水灌溉稻田水肥调控技术试验研究  

Field Experimental Study on Water and Fertilizer Managements of Rice Paddy under Water Saving Irrigation

作　　者：庞桂斌[1,2,3] 杨士红[4] 徐俊增[4] 

机构地区：[1]济南大学资源与环境学院,济南250022 [2]山东省地下水数值模拟与污染控制工程技术研究中心,济南250022 [3]山东省生态固碳与捕集利用工程技术研究中心,济南250022 [4]河海大学水利水电学院,南京210098

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2015年第9期44-47,51,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51179049;51209066);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2014EEQ020);济南大学博士基金项目(XBS1033);济南大学科研基金项目(XKY1045)

摘　　要：水和肥是制约水稻生长的重要因素,合理的灌溉和施肥有利于提高水肥利用效率和减轻农田面源污染。根据田间试验资料,分析了不同灌溉和施肥方式对水稻产量和水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,与淹水灌溉相比,控制灌溉水稻节水45.9%,减产7.8%,水分利用效率提高了6.3%~79.8%,群体水平和产量水平下达到显著差异,氮肥利用率增加5.2%~38.4%。与农民习惯施肥相比,实地氮肥管理和控释肥水稻施氮量减少59.8%和55.4%,减产2.4%和13.7%,氮肥利用率增加40.8%~70.8%,叶片水平和群体水平下水分利用效率提高了4.8%~22.8%。水肥综合调控表明,控制灌溉和实地氮肥管理可以作为节水、控污、高效的稻田水肥管理措施。Water and fertilizer are the most important factors for rice growth,reasonable irrigation and fertilizer application can improve water and fertilizer use efficiency,also reduce the agricultural non-point source pollution.Based on the data from field experiments,Effects of different irrigation and nitrogen application treatments on rice yield and efficiency of water and nitrogen fertilizer were analyzed.The results showed that：compared with flooding irrigation,water requirement under controlled irrigation decreased by 45.9%,rice yield reduced by 7.8%,therefore,water use efficiency increased by 6.3%to 79.8%,which had significant difference under crop and yield water use efficiency,and nitrogen utilization efficiency increased by 5.2%to 38.4%;compared with farmers＇ fertilization practice（FFP）,nitrogen application decreased by 59.8% and 55.4%,respectively,under Site-specific nutrient management（SSNM）and controlled release fertilizer（CRF）,rice yield reduced by 2.4%and 13.7%,however,nitrogen utilization efficiency increased by 40.8%to 70.8%significantly,and enhanced 4.8%to 22.8%for leaf and crop water use efficiency.The results indicated that controlled irrigation and Site-specific nutrient management was a favorable management measure for water saving and pollution controlling of rice.

关 键 词：水稻 控制灌溉 实地氮肥管理 控释肥 水分利用效率 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S275.8[农业科学—农业水土工程] S147.3[农业科学—农业工程]