噪声对飞行学员高频听力影响及招收飞行学员体检部分听力标准的探讨  

Influence of noise on high frequency hearing loss in pilot students and investigation of part of the provisional hearing test standards for the pilot students selection of air force

作　　者：李大鹏[1] 张红蕾[2] 郭睿[1] 王枫[3] 李佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军空军总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,北京100142 [2]中国人民解放军空军航空医学研究所附属医院五官科,北京100089 [3]中国人民解放军空军体检队,北京100142

出　　处：《中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志》2015年第5期331-334,共4页Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology

基　　金：总后勤部"十二五"重大课题项目(AKJ11J003)

摘　　要：目的通过追踪随访,了解飞行学员入学后的听力变化情况,调查噪声对飞行学员高频听力的影响,探讨空军招收飞行学员部分试行听力标准,即将双耳高频(4 000、6 000、8 000 Hz)听力总和由≤210 dB修改为≤240 dB的可行性。方法对某航校2012年入学的全部飞行学员(432例)的听力情况进行2年的跟踪随访。现行的空军招收飞行学员的听力检查标准:1250、3 000 Hz处不超过25 dB;500、1 000、2 000 Hz不超过20 dB(以下简称标准S);2双耳4 000、6 000、8 000 Hz(6个频率)总和≤240 dB(此标准为暂行标准,以下简称标准K,旧标准为≤210 dB),将飞行学员分为2组:A组(348例)低频及中频(250、500、1 000、2 000、3 000Hz)听力符合标准S且双耳高频(4 000、6 000、8 000 Hz)总和≤210 dB;B组(84例)低频及中频听力符合标准S,双耳高频总和>210 dB且≤240 dB。对参试者进行纯音测听检测,所得数据进行统计学分析:1比较A组与B组学员入学时和2年后的低、中频各听力频段的差异,并统计标准S、K的合格率;2分别比较A组、B组学员在入学时与随访时的高频听力差异,明确经过飞行训练后飞行学员的高频听力损失是否有进一步下降。结果入学和随访时,A组与B组学员在低、中频各频段听阈位移的差异均不明显(P>0.01)。全部飞行学员标准S、K的合格率为100%。A、B 2组飞行学员在入学时与随访时的左、右耳高频平均听阈位移差异均不明显(P>0.01)。结论短期的飞行噪声接触对飞行学员的高频听力影响不明显,目前暂行的空军招收飞行学员听力标准将双耳高频(4 000、6 000、8 000 Hz)总和由≤210 dB修改为≤240 dB是科学、合理的。[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of noise on high frequency hearing of flying cadets by following up the changes of their hearing, and to study the feasibility of putting the hearing standard, the sum of bilateral auditive high-frequency audio （4 000, 6 000, 8 000 Hz） ≤240 dB instead of 210 dB into partial trial use for the air force recruiting trainees. Methods The hearing changes were followed up in all of 432 flying cadets who attended aviation academy in 2012 and lasted for a period of 2 years. Now there were two hearing examination standards which could be selected when the air force recruit new flying cadets ： ① the sound intensity of 250, 3 000 Hz was ≤ 25 dB, and that of 500, 1 000, 2 000 Hz was ≤ 20 dB （referred to as the standard S for short） ; ② the sum of bilateral auditive high- frequency audio as 4 000, 6 000, 8 000 Hz （counted up to 6 frequencies） was≤ 240 dB （this standard was the provisional standard, referred to as the standard K for short, and the prior standard was≤210 dB）. Then the flying cadets were divided into two groups according to the different standards, group A was composed of 348 people whose low- frequency and intermediate-frequency audio （250,500, 1 000, 2 000, 3 000 Hz） conformed to the standard S while the sum of bilateral auditive high-frequency audio （like 4 000, 6 000, 8 000 Hz） was ≤ 210 dB; and group B was made up of 84 people whose low-frequency and intermediate-frequency audio conformed to the standard S while the sum of bilateral auditive high-frequency audio was 〉 210 db, and ≤ 240 db. Then the data obtained from the pure tone audiometry examination of the 432 flying cadets were analyzed： ①comparing the hearing difference in the low and intermediate frequency of group A and B at the time of entrance and 2 years later respectively, and calculating the qualification rates of standard K and S; ②comparing the difference of high-frequency hearing between the time of the entrance and 2 years later of both group

关 键 词：飞行学员 听力检查 标准 高频听力 噪声 

分 类 号：R85[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]