板栗‘遵玉’大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育研究  

Study on generation and development of megaspores,microspores,and female and male gametophytes in chestnut 'Zunyu'

作　　者：陈昉[1] 苏淑钗[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《经济林研究》2015年第3期44-49,共6页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家十一五科技支撑专题"板栗优质高产栽培技术研究"(2006BAD01A1703-1)

摘　　要：为了系统了解板栗雌雄花发育过程,以板栗优良品种‘遵玉’为试材,对大小孢子及雌雄配子体发生发育进行研究。结果表明：花药壁由外而内分别为表皮、药室内壁、中层及绒毡层（为腺质型）,属于基本型。小孢子胞质分离为同时型,四分体为典型的四面体型,少数呈左右对称排列。雄配子体只经过1次有丝分裂,花粉成熟为2-细胞型。雌花胚囊发育为蓼型胚囊,只有1个胚囊母细胞发育成胚囊,四分体呈线性排列,整个发育过程与雌雄花外部特征密切相关。确定观察减数分裂最佳取样时期为：雄花花序长度为10~17 cm,总苞直径为0.9~1.6 cm。‘遵玉’小孢子及雄配子体发生发育不存在异常表现,表明‘遵玉’雄配子体发育正常,花粉可育,可以作为授粉树。In order to systematically understand the development process of male and female flowers in chestnut, taking a fine chestnut cultivar ‘Zunyu’ as materials, generation and development of megaspores, microspores, and female and male gametophytes were researched. The results showed that anther wall layers were composed of epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetal layer from outside to inner side, respectively, in which the tapetal layer belonged to glandular type. Cytokinesis of microspore belonged to simultaneous type. Most of the tetrads were typical tetrahedral type, and others were symmetrical type. Male gametophyte had only once meiosis process, mature pollens belonged to two-cell type. Embryo-sac developed into polygonum type, and only one embryo sac mother cell developed into embryo sac, and tetrad laid out in linear fashion. The entire development process was closely related to the external characters of male and female flowers. The optimal observation period formeiosis was when male inflorescence length was 10-17 cm and involucre diameter was 0.9-1.6 cm. No abnormal appearance was observed during development of microspores and male gametophyte in‘Zunyu’, which indicated male gametes normal developed, were fertile, and could be used as pollinizers.

关 键 词：板栗 雄配子体 雌配子体 

分 类 号：S664.2[农业科学—果树学]