汽车老年驾驶人特性及行为研究进展  

Advances in researches on driving characteristics and behavior of older drivers

作　　者：张卫华[1] 谷锦彪 冯忠祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学交通运输工程学院

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2015年第7期23-28,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(51308177;51578207);安徽省自然科学基金资助(1408085MG137);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助(20120111120021);汽车运输安全保障技术交通行业重点实验室开放基金资助(2013G1502061)

摘　　要：为全面认识老年驾驶人的驾驶特征,分析其驾驶行为,从老年驾驶人交通事故致因和心理、生理等因素,梳理国内外老年驾驶人特性及行为的研究成果,总结主要研究内容和方法,并展望其未来研究趋势。结果表明:造成老年驾驶人交通事故的因素主要包括个人因素和道路环境因素,同时性格态度、自我评价等心理特征和认知功能、视听觉等生理特征也影响驾驶行为。总体上,老年驾驶人的驾驶特征及行为研究,内容精确丰富,方法科学完善;而对老年驾驶人驾驶能力评估的研究,则重点关注在综合统计学和心理学等方法的基础上,构建具体度量模型,用以评价和预测其驾驶能力。Elderly drivers＇ driving characteristics and behaviors were reviewed. Based on the aspects of reasons of traffic accidents and psychology and physiological characteristics, main advances in the researches were combed. The main research contents and methods were summarized, and the future trands of research on elderly drivers were described. The results show that factors causing elderly drivers＇ traffic accidents mainly include personal factors and road environment factors, meanwhile, psychological characteristics such as personality, self-assessment and physiological characteristics such as cognitive function, and vision, affect the driving behaviors, that in general, the research contents of characteristics and behaviors of elderly drivers are increasingly accurate and rich, the methods are scientific and perfect, and that evaluating and predicting driving ability on the basis of comprehensive statistics and psychology and methodology, building specific measurement models is expected to become an important assessment means to analyze elderly driving ability.

关 键 词：老年驾驶人 交通事故 心理特征 生理特征 驾驶能力 

分 类 号：X910[环境科学与工程—安全科学] U491.254[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]