二元户籍制度下农村劳动力转移对劳动收入占比变动的影响  

The Influence of Institutional Factors on the Reduction of Labor Income Share in GDP

作　　者：杨昕[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院城市与人口发展研究所

出　　处：《人口研究》2015年第5期100-112,共13页Population Research

摘　　要：文章主要探讨二元户籍制度下农村劳动力流动对劳动收入占比变动的影响。首先从理论上分析了在现行户籍制度下农村转移劳动力价格普遍低于城镇本地劳动力,由此带来GDP中总的劳动收入占GDP比重低于应有水平。继而构建了一个包含多个影响因素的实证模型,以验证在现有制度框架下农村转移劳动力规模的增加会对劳动收入占比的变动产生负面影响。分析结果表明:由于农村转移劳动力的价格大大低于正常的市场价格,在控制其他影响因素的情况下,农村转移劳动力越多,国民初次分配中劳动收入占比会越低。从这个角度来看,改进城乡二元户籍制度、实现劳动力市场统一等措施将有助于改善我国GDP中劳动收入占比较低的局面,有助于提高国民收入分配的公平性。China＇ s labor income as a share of GDP has decreased since 1990s, invoking substantial discussion and research. This study explores the influence of institutional factors on this reduction, particularly the influence of household registration management system. The author demonstrates theo-retically why the labor income share could decline with the increasing employment proportion of transferred labor force in non-agricultural sectors. The author constructs an empirical analytical model incor-porating factors representing economic development, non-state-owned economy, rural labor force transfer, economic globalization, capital deepening and technological progress. The results show that there is a significant negative impact of transferred rural labor force on change of the total labor income share. One possible explanation is that income of transferred rural labor force is lower than the normal market level in China as a result of institutional factors. Therefore, the transferred rural labor force plays a negative role in the decline of labor income share, which also suggests that impacts of other factors in the previous studies may be exaggerated.

关 键 词：劳动收入占比 农村劳动力转移 劳动力价格 制度环境 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]