中国偷渡活动中的女性参与情况——以市场的性别化为视角  

Women's Participation in Chinese Transnational Human Smuggling:A Gendered Market Perspective

作　　者：张晓东[1] 陈国霖[2] 乔迪.米勒 陈波[4] 

机构地区：[1]圣地亚哥州立大学社会学系 [2]罗格斯大学刑事司法学院 [3]密苏里大学圣路易斯分校刑事司法与犯罪学系 [4]华东政法大学

出　　处：《河南警察学院学报》2015年第4期75-89,共15页Journal of Henan Police College

基　　金：华东政法大学博士生海外调研项目的阶段性成果

摘　　要：有关性别和组织的社会学研究不断深化,组织背景和市场需求对女性参与非法组织的程度和性质都有形塑作用,但犯罪学家们对此问题的关注仍有不足。运用组织框架研究中国人向美国的偷渡活动,并通过采访129名偷渡组织者,可以发现市场的性别化视角有助于理解女性在偷渡组织中的地位和作用。偷渡活动具有以下特征:暴力活动十分有限(基本上不具有暴力特质)、人际关系极其重要(可以保障和促进偷渡活动)、女性的工作观念和照顾他人的特性、偷渡客对安全的考虑,这些因素结合在一起,使得女性在偷渡活动中的作用比在其他犯罪活动中的作用更加显著。组织和市场条件对于解释非法活动中的性别差异具有重大意义。Despite extensive sociological research on gender and organizations, criminologists have paid insuffi- cient attention to how organizational context and market demands may shape the extent and nature of women＇ s par- ticipation in illicit enterprises. This study uses an organizational framework to examine the case of Chinese human smuggling to the United States. Drawing from interviews with 129 human smugglers,we propose a gendered market perspective for understanding the place of women in the human smuggling enterprise. We argue that the limited place of violence and turf as organizing features of human smuggling, the importance of interpersonal networks in de- fining and facilitating smuggling operations, gender ideologies about work and care giving, and the impact of safety as an overriding concern for clients combine to create a more meaningful niche for women in human smuggling o ations than＇is found in other criminal endeavors. Our research suggests that organizational and market contexts significant explanations for gender stratification in illicit enterprises.

关 键 词：性别与犯罪 中国有组织犯罪 偷渡活动 

分 类 号：D924.11[政治法律—刑法学]