滴灌量对冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响研究  

Study on the Grain Filling Characteristic of Winter Wheat Under Different Amounts of Drip Irrigation

作　　者：张娜[1] 张永强[1] 仵妮平 吴培杰[1] 程雪峰[1] 张波[1] 徐文修[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2015年第5期271-275,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：农业部公益性行业专项(201103001);新疆干旱区水循环与水利用实验室开放课题(XJYS0907-2012-04)

摘　　要：为优化滴灌冬小麦灌溉制度,于2012—2013年、2013—2014年连续两年在伊宁县采用单因子随机区组试验设计,并运用Logistic方程模拟,研究3 000（处理A）,3 750（处理B）,4 500（处理C）m3/hm2三个滴灌量对冬小麦灌浆特性的影响。结果表明：两年试验冬小麦不同处理平均千粒重分别为48.35,50.27,52.17g,不同年份不同处理灌浆各阶段持续时间均为缓增期（T3）〉速增期（T2）〉渐增期（T1）,其平均速率分别为1.25,1.92,0.54mg/d,各阶段平均干物质累积贡献率分别为12.68%,60.90%,26.43%。随着滴灌量的增加,灌浆持续时间延长3-7d不等,平均灌浆速率减小2.88%-16.79%。3个处理中,处理B具有较高的平均灌浆速率1.21 mg/d,较处理A仅降低了3.41%,较处理C增加了12.25%,适当延长了灌浆时间,但又不致贪青晚熟,较处理C节水750m3/hm2,可作为大田生产参考。将灌浆参数与粒重进行相关分析得出,多数参数间存在显著或极显著相关关系,其中,平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率、灌浆持续期,尤其是速增期与缓增期的持续时间以及它们期间的灌浆速率都与粒重存在着显著或极显著相关性。In order to optimize the drip irrigation of winter wheat in Yi′ning County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,three different amounts of drip irrigation such as 3 000（treatment A,TA）,3 750（treatment B,TB）,4 500（treatment C,TC）m3/hm2 were conducted by using of randomized block experimental design in wheat growing seasons during the period from 2012 to 2013and from 2013 to 2014,and the dynamics of grain filling were observed,which could be described well by Logistic equation.The result showed that the1000-grain weights were 48.35 g,50.27 g,and 52.17 g,respectively,over two years under different treatments.There were three phases during grain filling,namely grain-filling pyramid period（T1）,grain-filling fast increase period（T2）,and grain-filling slowly increase period（T3）.The durations followed the sequence：T3〉T1〉T2,and the grain-filling rates were 1.25mg/d,1.92mg/d and 0.54mg/d,respectively.The contributions of biomass to grain were 12.68%in T1,60.90%in T2,and 26.43%in T3,respectively.With the increase of drip irrigation,the duration of grain filling delayed 3-7days,the mean grain filling rate decreased by 2.88%-16.79%.TB in wintering period had the higher average filling rate（1.21 mg/d）,which was only 3.41%lower than TA,but 12.25% higher than TC,which did not only increased the days of grain filling but did not lead to late-maturing,but also saved 750m3/hm2 of water than TC,and could be guidance for field production.Results from correlation and regression analysis methods indicated that there were significant or very significant correlations among the most parameters,and it could be seen that mean grain filling rate,biggest filling rate,the duration of grain filling,especially T2,T3 and the filling rate of their phases were significantly correlated to 1000-grain weight.

关 键 词：滴灌量 冬小麦 灌浆特性 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S311