1984-2013年阿尔卑斯山中段瑞士地区冰川变化遥感监测  

Remote Sensing Monitoring on Glacier Change in the Middle of the Alps in Switzerland from 1984 to 2013

作　　者：王凯[1] 杨太保[1] 邵婉婉[1] 何毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2015年第5期300-305,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学资助项目"黄河上游晚更新世河流阶地和冰川演化对千年尺度气候变化的响应"(41271024)

摘　　要：利用1984年、1990年、2003年、2013年的TM,ETM＋,OLI/TIRS遥感影像资料作为数据源,通过目视解译,应用GIS技术,分析了阿尔卑斯山中段瑞士地区近30年的冰川变化,同时对研究区内及周边的气温和降水的格点气象数据进行趋势分析,研究其与冰川变化的响应关系。结果表明：（1）1984—2013年,冰川面积减少了364.33km^2,退缩比例达到30.69%,年退缩速率为12.56km^2/a。1990—2003年的退缩速率最大,近10年冰川退缩速率有所减慢;（2）冰川规模等级和面积减少百分比呈负相关关系,即规模越小,退缩越快;（3）冰川消融主要发生在海拔4000m以下,冰川面积退缩随着海拔的升高而减少;（4）冰川主要分布在坡度5°-40°的7个等级上,坡度越缓,面积减少量越大;1984—2013年,不同坡度的冰川面积都在减少;（5）各个坡向的冰川都在退缩。1984—2013年,东南坡、东北坡和西坡冰川面积减少量较大,而西南、西北和东坡相对较小;（6）研究区气温升高明显,降水量变化幅度不大,气温上升是冰川退缩的主导因素。未来10年研究区冰川将会减慢退缩。Using TM, ETM＋ and OLI/TIRS remote sensing images of 1984, 1990, 2003 and 2013, respectively, we analyzed the glacier change in nearly 30 years in the middle of the Alps in Switzerland through visual interpretation and GIS technology. We also carried out trend analysis of temperature and precipitation in the study area and surrounding area to examine the response relationship between glacier change and meteorological data. The results indicated that： （1） during the period from 1984 to 2013, glacier area decreased by 364.33 km^2 , shrinking ratio reached to 30.69% with the shrinking rate of 12.56 km^2/a. From 1990 to 2003, shrinking rate was the biggest, however, in recent 10 years, shrinking rate was becoming low; （2） the glacier scale and glacier area reduction proportion presented the inverse correlation, which meant that the smaller the glacier scale was, the bigger the shrinking rate was; （3） glacial ablation mainly occurred at an altitude of less than 4 000 m, whatls more, the shrinking rate was reducing with the increase of altitude; （4） glaciers mainly distributed at slopes with steepness ranging from 5°to 40°, and the gentler the slope was, the bigger the glacier area reduction was. From 1984 to 2013, glacier area was decreasing on slopes with different steepness; （5） glacier areas were shrinking on all aspects. From 1984 to 2013, glacier area reduction was bigger on southeast, northeast and west aspects, while the glacier area reduction was relatively small on southwest, northwest and east aspects; （6） temperature rose significantly in the study area, while precipitation change was not obvious. Temperature increase is the dominant factor of glacial retreat. We predicted that the shrinking rate of glaciers in study area will decrease in the next decade.

关 键 词：冰川变化 气候响应 遥感监测 阿尔卑斯山 瑞士地区 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学] TP79[天文地球—地球物理学]