早实核桃果实日灼影响因子研究  

Studies on the influence factors of sunburn on precocious walnut fruit

作　　者：张彦坤[1] 齐国辉[1] 孙萌[1] 张雪梅[1] 李保国[1] 张锐[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院,河北省核桃工程技术研究中心,河北保定071000

出　　处：《林业科技开发》2015年第5期31-35,共5页China Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：河北省科技支撑项目(14236811D)

摘　　要：为了解诱发核桃果实日灼的关键因子,以早实核桃‘绿岭’、‘上宋6号’、‘鲁果1号’为试材,研究了果面温度、光照强度、相对湿度及品种、方位对果实日灼的影响。结果表明:‘绿岭’、‘上宋6号’、‘鲁果1号’的果实日灼率和日灼病情指数分别为12.76%,3.60%,2.23%和6.77,2.36,1.35。3个品种树冠东、南、西、北4个方位果实的果面温度在10:00,11:00,12:00时差异均不显著,13:00时仅‘鲁果1号’差异显著,在14:00,15:00,16:00时差异显著;果面光照强度在10:00,12:00,16:00时差异显著,在11:00,13:00,14:00和15:00时差异极显著;果面相对湿度在13:00时差异显著,其余时间差异不显著。3个品种4个方位的果实日灼率和病情指数表现为西面>南面>东面>北面,差异极显著。‘上宋6号’和‘绿岭’的果面温度与病情指数和日灼率呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.844,0.879和0.772,0.773,其余相关性不显著。‘绿岭’、‘鲁果1号’、‘上宋6号’发生果实日灼的临界温度分别为43.3,45.8和45.5℃,临界照度分别为83 900,96 600和90 500 lx。综合分析表明,温度和光照强度是日灼产生的主要原因,相对湿度、品种、方位对果实日灼均有影响。Effects of temperature, light intensity, relative humidity, cuhivar, orientation on fruit sunburn of precocious wal- nut cuhivars ＇ Luling＇ , ＇ Shangsong 6＇ , ＇ Luguo 1 ＇ were studied. The results showed that sunburn rates of ＇ Ltiling＇ , ＇ Shangsong 6＇ and ＇ Luguo 1 ＇ were 12.76%, 3.60% and 2.23% respectively and sunburn disease indexes of those culti- vars were 6.77, 2.36 and 1.35 respectively. There were no significant differences of fruit surface temperatures between di-fferent exposed sides of canopy in three cultivars at 10：00 am,ll：00 am and 12：00 pm; Only ＇ Luguo 1＇ at 13：00 pm showed significant differences. All of the 3 cultivars at 14：00 pro, 15：00 pm and 16：00 pm showed significantdifferences. There were significant differences of fruit surface light intensities between different exposed sides of canopy in three cultivars at 10：00 am, 12：00 pm and 16：00 pm. All of the 3 cultivars at 11：00 am, 13：00 pm, 14：00 pm and 15：00 pm showed very significant differences. Great differences of fruit surface relative humidities between different exposed sides of canopy in the three cultivars were only found at 13：00 pm. And the differences at the other times were not significant. The fruit sunburn rates and sunburn disease indexes of four exposed sides of canopy in three cultivars were west 〉 south 〉 east 〉 north, and there were very significant differences among them. The correlation coefficients of the fruit surface tempe- rature with the fruit sunburn disease index of ＇ Shangsong 6＇ and ＇ Ltiling＇ were 0. 844 and 0.879 ,meanwhile with the sun- burn rate were 0.772 and 0. 773, which were significant correlations. The others didn＇ t presented significant differences. The fruit sunburn critica~ temperatures of ＇ Luling＇ , ＇ Lugno 1＇ ,＇ Shangsong 6＇ were 43.3, 45. 8 and 45.5 ℃,respective- ly. The critical light intensities were 83 900, 96 600 and 90 500 ix, respectively. The comprehensive analysis showed that the temperature and

关 键 词：核桃 日灼 温度 光照强度 相对湿度 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]