塔里木河中游不同生境土壤理化性质分析  

Analysis on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Habitats in the Middle Reaches of the Tarim River

作　　者：王夏楠[1] 周正立[1,2] 王亮[1] 梁继业[1,2] 吕瑞恒[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《林业资源管理》2015年第1期95-100,共6页Forest Resources Management

基　　金："973"计划前期研究专项(2012CB723204);"973"计划前期研究专项(2011CB411909);国家自然基金(31360109)

摘　　要：以塔里木河中游荒漠河岸植被为研究对象,运用野外取样调查和实验室检测的分析方法,研究不同生境土壤理化性质特征及其相关性;探讨生境退化过程中土壤理化性质的主要因子分析。结果表明:1)距离河岸越远,容重均值减小,土壤含水量降低。生境Ⅱ土壤物理性质明显改善,持水性能显著提高。生境Ⅲ持水蓄水能力明显降低。2)不同生境土壤PH值总体呈碱性,全盐量变现为"表聚性"。生境Ⅱ全盐总量、有机质明显高于其他生境。随着地下水位降低,全磷、全钾含量升高。3)相关性分析可知,含水量与其他指标的关系较为密切。容重与全磷的相关性最大。pH值与碱解氮、速效钾也存在明显的正负相关关系(P<0.05)。4)主成分分析表明土壤结构与全钾因子、土壤速效养分供应因子累计贡献率高达100.00。因此,选取这几个因子作为该区域评价生境退化特征主成分分析的依据,可为塔里木河中游乃至中国西北绿洲生态保护和荒漠化生态系统恢复重建提供理论依据。The desert riparian vegetation in the middle of Tarim River was selected as the research ob-ject.The characteristics and correlation of soil physical and chemical properties in different habitats were studied by using field sampling investigation and laboratory test analysis method and the main factors of soil physical and chemical properties in the succession of habitat degradation discussed.The results showed that：（1 ）Along with the farther distance from the banks,average unit weight and moisture content decreased.The soil physical properties obviously improved in the habitatⅡ,water-holding performance improved significantly.The soil moisture storage capacity was reduced in habitat Ⅲ.（2 ）The overall soil PH value was alkaline in different habitats,the soil soluble in each profile had obvious properties of sur-face-aggregation.The total amount of salt and organic matter in habitat Ⅱ was significantly higher than those of other habitats.As the underground water level was reduced,total phosphorus,total potassium con-tent increased.（3 ）The correlation analysis showed water content had relatively close relationship with other indicators,and the correlation of bulk density and total phosphorus was the largest.The PH value had a obvious negative correlation with alkali solution nitrogen and available potassium（P＆lt;0.05 ）.（4） The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution which included the factor of the soil structure and total potassium and the factor of available nutrient was 100.00.So these indicators served as the basis of characteristics of the habitat degradation evaluation principal component analysis.It would provide theoretical basis for desertification ecosystem restoration and oasis ecological protection of the middle reaches of the Tarim River and even for the northwest China.

关 键 词：荒漠河岸植被 生境退化 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]