突发地质灾害应急响应:避险模式研究  

Study on refuge mode of emergency response in geological hazard

作　　者：张小趁[1] 陈红旗[2] 

机构地区：[1]华北科技学院,北京101601 [2]国土资源部地质灾害应急技术指导中心,北京100081

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2015年第9期57-62,共6页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：2012年国土资源公益性行业科研专项(201211055)

摘　　要：在地质灾害防治实践中,中国探索形成具有特色的群测群防道路。其中,临灾避险是重要的减灾措施之一。由于尚存在着预警与响应之间衔接不够紧密、临灾避险的学理基础薄弱和应急避险准备不足等问题,避险成效受到一定的影响。在突发地质灾害应急避险现状分析的基础上,基于"情景-应对"理论、有限传播时间原理、应急管理阶段的划分和对典型案例的调查分析,通过情景故障推演,首次构建了应急响应的避险模式。并依据现代应急准备理念,结合山地社区避险目标能力建设需求,提出由规划、预案、演练、预警、援助和恢复等构成的避险准备系统。以期有助于避险理论研究和应急避险实践。In the practice of geological hazards prevention and control, the characterized way of mass prediction and disaster prevention has been formed in China, among which, the disaster refuge is an important measure for disaster reduction.Due to the existing problems such as the connection between early-warning and response is not close e-nough, the theoretical foundation of disaster refuge is weak, and the emergency refuge preparation is inadequate, etc., the refuge effect has been influenced.Based on the analysis on current situation of emergency refuge in geo-logical hazard, according to＂scenario-response＂theory, principle of finite propagation time, division of emergen-cy management stage and investigation of typical case, through scenario fault deduction, the refuge mode of emer-gency response was constructed.Based on the modern concept of emergency preparedness, combined with construc-tion requirement of refuge target capability in mountain community, the refuge preparation systems consisting of planning, emergency plans, exercise, warning, assistance and recovery was proposed with hope of contributing to theoretical study and practice of emergency refuge.

关 键 词：地质灾害 应急响应 应急避险 避险模式 群测群防 

分 类 号：X92[环境科学与工程—安全科学]