现代足球比赛进球基本特征与规律研究——以第14～20届世界杯足球赛进球为例  

Basic Characteristics and Law of Goal in Modern Football Game:A Case Study on the Goals from 14th to 20th FIFA World Cup Games

作　　者：薛俊[1] 刘天彪[2] 李煜[2] 贺春亮[3] 曹卫华[4] 

机构地区：[1]广东惠州学院体育系,广东惠州516007 [2]北京师范大学,北京100875 [3]包头医学院,内蒙古包头014000 [4]陕西师范大学,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2015年第8期125-129,共5页Journal of Beijing Sport University

摘　　要：运用文献资料调研、观察及数理统计等方法,对第14~20届世界杯足球赛1 051个进球的方式、射门区域、及进攻形式等特征进行研究,以探讨现代足球比赛特征与规律。结论表明：7届世界杯场均进球数呈逐届下降趋势;比赛下半场比上半场进球率高,反映出现代足球在重视攻守平衡的同时更加注重进攻效率。罚球区2区内外区域是现代足球比赛射门进球最佳区域。前锋进球数最多,前锋和攻击型中场球员区分不再明确,全能型的队员位置职能已成为现代足球位置特征发展规律。现代足球比赛中脚射是最主要得分方式,立体高空头顶球技战术也已成形。随着传球次数的增加而进球明显减少的趋势,＂直接打法＂战术已成为现代足球进攻战术发展主流趋势。中路进攻、定位球进攻已成为现代足球进攻战术发展主要方向。前场及中前场已成为现代足球最佳有效地发动进攻进球区域。This paper analyzed goal way,shooting area,offend form of 1 051 goals from 14 th to 20 th FIFA World Cup by the methods of literature review,observation,and mathematical statistics. Then it discussed match characteristics and law of modern football. The conclusions are that average goal number was decreased in each last seven FIFA World Cups. The second half of the game has higher goal rate than the first half,which reflected that modern football paid more attention to offense efficiency without breaking offense-defense balance. The best shooting area is inside and outside of zone 2 in the penalty area. Striker has the most of goals. There is no obvious difference between strike and attacking midfielder. Position function of versatile player became the development law of position characteristic in modern football. Foot shot is the main scoring way and skills and tactics of overhead stroke have been formed in modern football. ＂Direct play＂has become the mainstream of offensive tactics in modern football because of the increase pass number and downward scoring trend. Counter attack and set-place play are the main development directions of offensive tactics in modern football. Front court and mid-front court are the best scoring areas to start attack.

关 键 词：现代足球 世界杯 进球特征 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]