事业单位养老保险政策改革及其启示——基于1978～2015年国家层面政策文本的研究  

An Analysis of Pension Policy Reform of Public Institutions in China and Its Enlightenment——Based on the National Policy Texts Published from 1978 to 2015

作　　者：韩艳[1] 朱火云[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《学术探索》2015年第10期60-65,共6页Academic Exploration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(11BSH062)

摘　　要：事业单位人员养老保险政策是我国养老保险政策体系的重要组成部分。改革开放后,我国事业单位养老保险政策改革主要经历四个发展阶段。从政策改革的内容分析,事业单位人员参保范围不断扩大,个人账户、职业年金逐步建立并优化,养老金计发、养老金的管理和监督更加完善,养老保险关系转移工作规定更加细致。然而,事业单位养老保险政策在改革过程中一度偏离公平价值取向,政策设计一度没有解决养老金替代率过低和政策衔接问题,政策过程缺乏民主,使改革陷入泥淖。2015年的"改革决定"对以上问题做了部分修订,把事业单位养老保险政策改革推上一个新台阶。这对其他社会政策的改革带来启示,一是社会政策的制定和改革一定要遵循公平价值趋向和"福利刚性"原则,二是要注意配套政策的支持,三是在议题构建、政策规划、政策评估等过程中注意民主。The pension system of public institutions is a crucial part of the pension system of China. Since the reform and opening up, the pension policy reform of public institutions of the country has undergone four stages, in which the range of participation has been broadened gradually, an occupational pension established, and pension delivery, management, supervision and transfer perfected. However, there are some mistakes during the reform. First, the reform policies were not fairness - oriented. Second, they failed to increase the replacement ratio of pension. Third, the policy - making process lacked democracy. Last but not least, the policies paid no attention to policy cohesion. The reform in 2015 has made some amendment to the above mistakes and put the institutional pension policy reform to a new level. The reform in the pension policy reform of public institutions in China is inspiring to the reform of other social policies. The principle of fairness - oriented -ness and welfare rigidity must be observed, and supporting policies and democracy be established and followed during the policy - making process.

关 键 词：事业单位 养老保险政策 职业年金 福利刚性 

分 类 号：D922.181[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]