野生白化喜马拉雅旱獭重要病原体检测与控制研究  

A study of the major pathogens infecting albino Himalayan marmots and techniques to control those pathogens

作　　者：张静宵[1] 刘海青[1] 刘玉芳[1] 刘巴睿[1] 加洛[1] 陶元清[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所,青海西宁811602

出　　处：《中国病原生物学杂志》2015年第8期704-708,共5页Journal of Pathogen Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学地区基金(No.31160436)

摘　　要：目的调查白化旱獭重要病原体的自然感染状况,为建立白化旱獭寄生虫和微生物学质量控制标准提供依据。方法在白化旱獭原产地对21只野生的白化旱獭和30只正常毛色旱獭采用虫体检查法、粪便检查法和血清学方法检测体内外寄生虫、鼠疫菌、布鲁氏菌、土拨鼠肝炎病毒等重要病原体感染情况。结果 51只野生白化喜马拉雅旱獭和正常毛色旱獭检出体外寄生虫5种、蠕虫1种,感染率分别为:斧形盖蚤(C.dolabris)(85.71%/93.33%)、谢氏山蚤(O.silantiewi)(90.48%/90.0%)、腹窦纤蚤深广亚种(R.ventrasa)(71.43%/96.67%)、古北拟额虱(L.laeviusculus)(85.71%/86.67%)、草原硬蜱(I.crenulatus)(100.00%/96.67%)和蛔虫(A.tarbagan)(71.43%/66.67%),白化和正常毛色旱獭寄生虫感染情况进行了确切概率法检验,两者除腹窦纤蚤深广亚种(P双=0.0151<0.05,P单=0.0151<0.05)感染率差异有统计学意义外,其余4种体外寄生虫和蛔虫感染率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);弓形虫、棘球蚴、鼠疫菌、布鲁氏菌和土拨鼠肝炎病毒抗体均为阴性。应用菊酯类气雾剂、阿苯达唑片剂和伊维菌素注射液进行了旱獭体内寄生虫驱虫和净化,并比较了药物驱虫前后动物血液生理生化指标的变化以评价驱虫药物对旱獭的毒性,驱虫前后各项生理生化指标差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);结合产地检疫、隔离和优选技术建立了白化旱獭人工种群;加强人工驯养综合饲养管理,对种群动物定期监测人兽共患病原体和旱獭重要传染病病原体的抗体水平,监测结果均为阴性。结论参照普通级实验动物微生物和寄生虫控制标准,白化旱獭排除了体内外寄生虫、重要人兽共患病和旱獭传染病等病原体感染,微生物和寄生虫学质量达到了普通级实验动物的基本要求。Objectives To investigate the major pathogens infecting albino Himalayan marmots（Marmota himalayana）and to provide a basis for controlling the quality of M.himalayana. Methods The stool of 51 wild marmots（21albinos and 30 normal marmots）from the same origin was examined for parasites,and the blood of each animal was serologically tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii,Echinococcus,Yersinia pestis,Brucella,and the woodchuck hepatitis virus. Results Wild albino and normal M.Himalayana were infected with Callopsylla dolabris at rates of 85.7% and 93.3%,with Oropsylla silantiewi at rates of 90.1% and 90.0%,with Rhadinopsylla liventricosa at rates of 71.4% and96.7%,with Linognathoides laeviusculus at rates of 85.7% and 86.7%,with Ixodes crenulatus at rates of 100% and96.7%,and with Ascaris tarbagan at rates of 71.4% and 66.7%.The rate at which wild albino and normal marmots were infected was subjected to an exact probability test,which revealed that the rate of infection with R.liventricosadiffered significantly（P=0.0151〈0.05,P=0.0151〈0.05）while the rate of infection with the other four ectoparasites and A.tarbagandid not differ significantly.Serum tested negative for antibodies to T.gondii,Echinococcus,Y.pestis,Brucella,and the woodchuck hepatitis virus.A deltamethrin aerosol and injected albendazole and ivermectin were used to eradicate parasites and routine blood and biochemical parameters were compared before and after administration.There were no significant differences in parameters after treatment（P〈0.05）,so the drugs were effective.In combination with quarantine at the origin,isolation and selection techniques were used to create an artificial albino population.Enhanced domestication and comprehensive breeding management were used to regularly monitor the population and determine levels of antibodies to major pathogens.Monitoring results were negative for pathogens. Conclusion Microbes and parasites in albino Marmota himalayana were effectively controlled based on standards for microo

关 键 词：喜马拉雅旱獭 白化 弓形虫 鼠疫菌 布鲁氏菌 土拨鼠肝炎病毒 控制 

分 类 号：R38[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]