地力条件与栽培模式对夏玉米冠层结构及产量的影响  

Effects of Soil Fertility and Cultivation Pattern on Canopy Structure and Yield of Summer Maize

作　　者：霍志金 程乙[1] 董树亭[1] 刘鹏[1] 赵斌[1] 张吉旺[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2015年第9期21-26,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171497);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(20120306);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(nyhyzx07-003;CARS-02);国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"计划)项目(2011CB100105);山东省农业良种工程重大课题[鲁科农字(2011)186号]

摘　　要：2013~2014年以郑单958为试验材料,在高、低两种地力条件下,设置超高产栽培模式（SH）、高产高效栽培模式（HH）、农民习惯栽培模式（FP）和对照（CK）4个处理,研究不同地力与栽培模式对夏玉米冠层结构及产量的影响。结果表明：高地力条件下夏玉米产量高于低地力,植株上部叶层更紧凑,穗位叶层能接受更多的光能,下部叶层衰老更快,LAI高,群体光合势高。同一地力条件下SH、HH栽培模式较FP、CK株高、穗位增高,穗位叶上升,茎粗较FP减小;SH、HH株型较FP更紧凑,LAI高,生育前期建成速率高,高LAI值持续期长,生育后期棒三叶以下叶层仍保持较高LAI水平;生育期内其光合势积累量高,且开花前光合势积累较CK高;SH、HH处理单位面积穗数和收获指数较高,实际产量显著高于FP、CK。Taking Zhengdan 958 as the test material,under high and low soil fertility conditions,four treatments of super -high -yielding cultivation pattern （SH）,high -yielding and high -efficiency cultivation pattern （HH）,farmer’s practice cultivation pattern （FP）and the control （CK）were designed to study their effects on canopy structure and yield of summer maize in 2013 ~2014.The results showed that under high fer-tility condition,the yield of summer maize was higher than that under the low fertility condition;the upper leaf layer was more compact and the ear layer could received more light;the lower leaf layer aged faster,but the LAI and LAD were higher.Under the same soil fertility condition,SH and HH increased the plant height and ear height compared with FP and CK,but decreased the stem diameter and made the plant type more compact compared with FP.They also had higher LAI and speed of morphogenesis,longer high -LAI duration and higher level of LAI of lower layer in late period.They accumulated more LAD in the growth period,and the proportion before the tassel stage was higher than CK.Under SH and HH treatments,higher ear number per unit and harvest index could be obtained,and their grain yields were significantly higher than FP and CK.

关 键 词：夏玉米 地力条件 栽培模式 冠层特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513.04[农业科学—作物学]