基于随机前沿生产函数法的饲草生产技术效率测算及影响因素分析——以西藏“一江两河”地区为例  

Use of the stochastic frontier production function in a technical efficiency analysis of grass production: An example from the “One River and Two Tributaries”region of Tibet

作　　者：曲云鹤[1] 余成群[1] 孙维[1] 武俊喜[1] 李少伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《草业学报》2015年第10期70-79,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑课题"藏北退化草地综合整治技术与示范"(2011BAC09B03);国家科技支撑课题"西北和青藏地区优质牧草丰产栽培及草畜耦合技术集成与产业化示范"(2011BAD17B05)资助

摘　　要：以西藏"一江两河"地区农户调研数据为基础,运用随机前沿生产函数估算农户饲草生产技术效率及影响因素,并从饲草类别、农业规模和地区分布3个维度进一步分析技术效率的增产空间。结果显示,饲草生产存在显著效率损失,提高生产效率,单产还有近30%的增长空间;投入要素劳动、种子、燃料、农家肥、化肥和土地产出弹性分别为0.1423,0.2197,0.1309,0.2600,0.2265和0.0206;品种差异是饲草技术效率最主要影响因素,农业规模和流动资金要素对饲草生产效率提高产生间接负向影响,人力资本和农业综合生产能力要素对饲草生产效率影响不显著。释放饲草生产技术效率增产空间,可采取推广普及豆科饲草生产技术、扩大饲草种植规模、各地区(特别是拉萨地区)进一步明确适宜引种的饲草品种等策略。Based on the agricultural household on-the-spot investigation data collected in the'One River and Two Tributaries'Region of Tibet,we estimated the technical efficiency of grass production of agricultural households using the stochastic frontier production function. This method estimates the contributions of grass family differences,farm size,and region distribution to the technical efficiency of grass production. The results indicated that there is a loss of technical efficiency in grass production in the 'One River and Two Tributaries'Region of Tibet. The yield per mu could increase by approximately 30% with improved technical efficiency. The output elasticity coefficients with respect to input factors of labor,seeds,fuel,organic fertilizer,chemical fertilizer,and land were 0. 1423,0. 2197,0. 1309,0. 2600,0. 2265,and 0. 0206,respectively. Grass family difference was identified as the key factor in improving technical efficiency.Farm size and liquidity strongly affected the technical efficiency of grass production via their effects on other input factors such as labor and capital. This was because of the disadvantageous position of resource use,compared with animal husbandry and off-farm industries. Human capital and agricultural comprehensive production capability did not affect the technical efficiency of grass production. Increasing the grass yield by improving technical efficiency can include measures such as extending the production technology to legume forage grasses,enlarging grass planting areas,and identifying which grass families are best adapted for growth in different regions,especially Lhasa.

关 键 词：随机前沿生产函数 饲草生产技术效率 西藏“一江两河”地区 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]