空间碎片防护问题的物质点无网格法与软件系统  

Meshfree Material Point Method and Software System for Problems of Shielding Space Debris

作　　者：刘岩[1] 张雄[1] 刘平[1] 廉艳平[1] 马上 宫伟伟[3] 王汉奎[4] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084 [2]北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京100076 [3]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [4]中国特种设备检测研究院,北京100013

出　　处：《载人航天》2015年第5期503-509,共7页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2010CB832701);国家自然科学基金资助项目(10872107;11102097);北京高等学校青年英才计划(YETP0111)

摘　　要：空间碎片超高速撞击的防护是航天器结构设计须重点考虑的问题,超高速撞击过程的极强非线性对传统数值方法提出了巨大挑战。作为新兴的无网格法的一种,物质点法易于处理超大变形、断裂破碎和高速碰撞中的大量接触过程,非常适合求解超高速碰撞问题。对物质点法的算法理论进行了多项改进,自主研发了三维物质点法软件系统MPM3D,从多个角度模拟分析了空间碎片的超高速碰撞问题。模拟结果与实验吻合良好,能够正确再现开坑、层裂、碎片云等超高速碰撞典型现象,易于通过材料内禀结构建模研究泡沫、蜂窝等材料的撞击吸能和防护能力,显示出物质点法及其软件系统可以作为超高速碰撞的有力数值分析手段。Shielding hyper-velocity impact( HVI) from space debris is of great concern in the design of spacecraft,while strong nonlinearities in HVI process pose great challenges to traditional numerical methods. As one kind of recently developed meshfree methods,material point method( MPM) can easily deal with extremely large deformation,fracture and fragmentation,and large number of contacts appearing in HVI process. Owing to the above advantages,MPM is very suitable for solving HVI problems. In recent years,the authors improved MPM theory in several aspects,developed three-dimensional MPM software system MPM3 D,and numerically investigated HVI process of space debris in detail. Numerical results agree well with experimental results. Typical phenomena including excavation,spalling,and debris cloud can be reproduced correctly. The energy absorption and shielding capability of foam material and honeycomb material can be easily studied based on models of material internal structure. The above simulations demonstrate that MPM and MPM3 D software are powerful numerical tools for HVI problems.

关 键 词：空间碎片 超高速碰撞 无网格法 物质点法 仿真软件 

分 类 号：O347.5[理学—固体力学] V415.4[理学—力学]