利用分形的北京城市空间拓展分析  

Urban spatial expansion of Beijing based on city fractal

作　　者：刘勇洪[1] 徐永明[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京市气候中心,北京100089 [2]中国气象局北京城市气象研究所,北京100089 [3]南京信息工程大学遥感学院,南京210044

出　　处：《测绘科学》2015年第10期30-36,共7页Science of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41175015);城市气象科学基金项目(IUMKY&UMRF201102);北京市气象局"城市边界层观测分析与精细模式"创新团队项目

摘　　要：北京是中国的首都,全国的政治、文化中心和国际交往的枢纽,开展北京的城市形态结构分析,并且运用分形思想规划城市对北京人居环境的改良和人地关系的协凋都有着重要意义。鉴于此,该文基于城市分形理论中的面积-半径法和Landsat卫星遥感影像,估算了北京不同时期和2011年不同方位的城市形态半径维数以确定北京城市空间范围,并分析了北京城市空间拓展特征。研究结果显示：以天安门为中心,北京1978、1990、2000和2011年城市半径分别为7.5、10.5、14.5、16.0km,各时期城市形态半径维数均高达1.95以上,反映出北京城市空间结构的相对杂乱以及人-地关系的不协调,2000年以后则有所改善。2011年北京城市西北方位半径维数高达2.0以上,显示该方位城市空间拓展的不可持续性,而西南、东南、东北方位的半径维数在1.91~1.98之间,显示这三个方位城市建设用地密度总体呈减少趋势,但需要不断降低半径维数以保证城市空间发展的可持续性。Using area-radius relation method based on urban fractional theory and I.andsat satellite images, radius dimensions of Beijing urban morphology were computed in different periods and directions, which could determine the range of urban region. And the characteristics of Beijing urban spatial expansion in different periods and directions were also analyzed. The results showed that Tiananmen-centric radiuses of Beijing urban ranges in 1978, 1990, 2000 and 2011 were 7.5km, 10.5km, 14.5km and 16.0km sepa- rately. The radius dimensions in all periods were higher than 1.95, which indicated the relative disorder of urban spatial construction and inconsistent of human-environment relationship. After 2000, radius dimen- sion of Beijing urban morphology was decreased, which showed the improvement of human-environment relationship. The radius dimension in Beijing northwest area in 2011 was above 2.0, which showed the un- sustainability of urban expansion in this region in the future. The radius dimensions in southwest, north- east and southeast regions were between 1.91-1.98, which showed the building density had a declining trend with distance to urban centre. But in these regions it was necessary to lower radius dimensions to as- sure sustainable development of Beijing urban space in the future.

关 键 词：城市分形 空间拓展 面积—半径法 城市形态 半径维数 北京 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]