健康信念模式和自我效能理论在老年男性骨质疏松症中的应用  

Application of health belief model and self-efficacy theory in elderly men with osteoporosis

作　　者：罗琳[1] 姚鑫[1] 黄娴[2] 陈燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学体育学院,贵阳550001 [2]贵阳医学院附属医院内科,贵阳550001

出　　处：《中国骨质疏松杂志》2015年第9期1112-1116,共5页Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis

基　　金：民政部老年学和老年医学"十一五"研究计划老年骨质疏松研究基金子课题(200747-1)

摘　　要：目的探讨健康信念模式和自我效能理论教育对老年男性骨质疏松症患者生活质量和骨密度的影响。方法选取骨质疏松筛查确诊骨质疏松症的老年男性患者52例,随机均分为对照组和干预组,干预组进行健康信念和自我效能教育,对照组进行常规健康指导,随访1年考察两组患者的健康信念量表评分、自我效能量表评分、健康调查量表评分、骨密度变化。结果干预组与对照组分别有26和25例患者完成随访。与对照组比较,干预组患者健康信念量表和自我效能量表各维度评分均显著增加,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组总体健康、生命活力、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康评分均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);与对照组比较,干预组骨密度变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预组无骨折发生,对照组发生1例(3.85%)。结论健康信念模式和自我效能理论教育可以提高老年男性骨质疏松患者的生活质量、减少骨折的发生,值得临床推广使用。Objective To study the effect of the health belief model and the theory of self-efficacy education on life quality of patients and bone mineral density in elderly males with osteoporosis. Methods Fifty-two elderly male patients diagnosed with osteoporosis were selected. They were randomly divided into control group and intervention group. Patients in intervention group received health belief and self efficacy education. Patients in the control group received routine health guidance. Health belief scale, self-efficacy scale, health survey scale, and changes in bone mineral density of the patients in two groups were collected during 1- year follow-up. Results Twenty-six and 25 patients completed follow-up in the intervention group and the control group, respectively. Compared with those in the control group, health belief scale and self efficacy scale of each dimension scores increased significantly in the intervention group, and the difference was statistically significant （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The scores of general health, vitality, social function, emotional function, and mental health in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The difference of bone mineral density was not significant between the control group and the intervention group （P 〉 0.05）. There was no fracture in the intervention group, but there was 1 fracture in the control group （3.85%）. Conclusion The health belief model and the theory of self-efficacy education can improve the quality of life and reduce the occurrence of fractures in elderly male patients with osteoporosis. It is worthy of clinical use.

关 键 词：骨质疏松 健康信念 自我效能 生活质量 运动医学 

分 类 号：R681[医药卫生—骨科学]