河套灌区畦-沟分灌水分利用效率及节水效果试验研究  

Irrigation performance and water use efficiency in border-furrow combined irrigation

作　　者：苗庆丰[1,2] 史海滨[1] 李瑞平[1] 倪东宁 José Manuel Gonalves 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古巴彦淖尔市河套学院土木工程系,巴彦淖尔市015000 [3]葡萄牙里斯本科技大学农学院农业工程系

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2015年第10期135-139,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：十二五"国家科技支撑项目(2011BAD29B03);国家自然科学基金(51369018)资助

摘　　要：针对目前河套灌区小麦/玉米间作同畦栽培情况下灌溉水浪费的突出问题,文中以当地常规的平畦灌溉方式作为对照,对小麦/玉米间作系统设计了小麦采用平畦灌溉,玉米采用垄沟灌溉的畦-沟分灌法,通过对比田间灌溉参数,灌水指标和水分利用效率来评价其灌溉节水效果。结果表明:畦-沟分灌优化了畦田灌溉参数,同平畦灌溉相比,小麦条带和玉米条带的单宽(沟)流量增大2-4倍,明显提高水流推进速率;水流推进曲线和水流消退曲线更加平行,优化了灌溉参数;小麦条带和玉米条带的灌水效率、灌溉均匀度分别提高30%、16%和26%、12%,水分利用效率从目前水平1.18kg/m3提高到1.66kg/m3,建议河套灌区在小麦/玉米间作的不同种植带打起地埂,根据不同作物对水分的需求进行合理的畦-沟分灌。Wheat intercropped with maize is the main planting pattern in Hetao Irrigation District,However,it wastes water very much due to different crop development period and water required period for two crops. Therefore,a new irrigation method named border- furrow combined irrigation that to separate wheat and maize by the field bund,border irrigation for wheat,and furrow irrigation for maize was designed for wheat intercropped maize. Current irrigation method is border irrigation for two crops without any separation. Parameters of irrigation containing unit discharge and water advance and recession,performance indicators including irrigation efficiency（ Ea）,distribution uniformity（ Du） and water using efficiency（ WUE） were measured in fields to evaluate new irrigation method. Results show that border- furrow combined irrigation improved the parameter,increased unit discharge 2- 4 times and significantly speeded up the water advance process,made a better performance than the previous by improving Ea,Du of wheat and maize area 30%,16% and 26%,12%,respectively,enhancing WUE from the current 1. 18 kg / m^3 to 1. 66 kg / m^3. The conclusion is that separating wheat and maize to irrigate for wheat intercropped with maize is recommend in this area and border- furrow combined irrigation for wheat intercropped with maize is also recommended.

关 键 词：地面灌溉 小麦间作玉米 畦-沟分灌 灌溉质量 水分利用效率 河套灌区 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]