我国设施番茄氮肥施用量现状及其利用率、产量影响和地力贡献率分析评价  

Analysis and Evaluation on Nitrogen Application Status,its Utilization Efficiency,its Influence on Yield and Soil Fertility Contribution Rate to Greenhouse Tomato in China

作　　者：梁静[1] 王丽英[2] 陈清[3] 张卫峰[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆广播电视大学远程教育学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830049 [2]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北石家庄050051 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2015年第10期16-21,共6页China Vegetables

基　　金：新疆广播电视大学校级课题(14xjddktzc25)

摘　　要：通过对国内与设施番茄施肥有关的57篇文献中的79个试验数据进行分析,评价了目前设施番茄的氮肥投入量、氮肥效率和地力贡献率。结果表明,传统施肥模式下,设施番茄有机肥氮素投入量平均为617.0kg·hm-2,化肥氮素投入量平均为705kg·hm-2,总氮投入达到1313kg·hm-2;优化施肥模式下的有机肥氮素投入量、化肥氮素投入量和总氮投入分别为581.7、353kg·hm-2和936kg·hm-2。优化施氮处理比传统施氮处理平均增产8%。传统施肥的氮肥偏生产力(PFP)、农学效率(AE)、当季利用率(RE)平均值分别为155.7kg·kg-1、28.0kg·kg-1、9.5%。优化施肥模式下,氮肥偏生产力、农学效率、当季利用率平均值分别为356.3kg·kg-1、63.6kg·kg-1、17.8%。传统施肥和优化施肥处理的菜田地力贡献率平均值分别为72.9%和70.4%,与传统施肥相比,优化施肥的化肥氮减量潜力很大。This paper evaluates present nitrogen input amount, nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility contribution rate of greenhouse tomato, by analyzing 79 field experiments data from 57 domestic published papers. The results showed that under conventional application model, the total nitrogen input was 1 313 kg hm-2, including nitrogen 617 kg hm-2 from manure and 705 kg hm-2 from chemical fertilizer. Under optimized application model the nitrogen from manure, chemical fertilizer and the total nitrogen input were 581.7 kg hm-2, 353 kg hm-2 and 936 kg hm-2, respectively. The tomato yield under optimized application model was 8% higher than that of the conventional application model.Under conventional application model, the average values of partial factor productivity （ PFP ）, agronomic efficiency （ AE ） and recovery efficiency （ RE ） were 155.7 kg kg-1, 28.0 kg kg-1 and 9.5%, respectively. Under the optimized application model, the average values of PFP, AE, RE were 356.3 kg kg-1, 63.6 kg kg-1 and 17.8%, respectively. The average soil fertility contribution of conventional application and optimized application were 72.9% and 70.4%, respectively. So, compared with the conventional application model, the optimized application model has great potential in reducing chemical nitrogen fertilizer.

关 键 词：设施番茄 氮肥效率 地力贡献率 评价 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S641.2