成都地区献血者HIV流行率、新感染发生率和窗口期输血残余风险评估  

Prevalence,incidence and estimated window-period risk of HIV infection among Chengdu blood donors

作　　者：王欢[1] 高加良[1] 李书平[1] 赵欣[1] 季茂盛 陈雪[1] 李莹[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都市血液中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2015年第9期1121-1124,共4页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：四川省卫生厅科研课题(编号120501)

摘　　要：目的分析成都地区献血者HIV流行率,新感染发生率,以及核酸检测系统引入前后窗口期输血残余风险。方法统计2011-2012年献血者资料,以确认抗-HIV阳性献血者数量计算HIV流行率,以重复献血者发生阳性转化的数量,和所有重复献血者的献血时间间隔总和计算HIV新感染发生率,并由此计算输血残余风险。结果在2年间的277 029名献血者中,抗-HIV流行率为0.061%。本中心在引入核酸检测系统前后,HIV窗口期输血残余风险分别是1/52 274和1/76 046。结论虽然将核酸检测系统引入血液筛查可以降低输血残余风险,但该风险仍然存在。提高输血安全性需要进一步加强献血者筛查力度,提高检测灵敏度,并尽量减少输血等措施。Objective To analyze the prevalence, incidence and window-period risk of anti-HIV among Chengdu blood donors. Methods The prevalence of confirmed-positive test for anti-HIV was evaluated from 2011 to 2012. Incidence rates for these infections were evaluated among repeated donors having at least two donations in a 2-year period, and then risk assessment was used to evaluate residual risk among repeat donations. Results During the study period, the prevalence of anti-HIV was 0.061% among 277 029 donors. Residual risk in donations form repeated donors before and after NAT were 1/52 274 and 1/76 046 respectively. Conclusion Although the introduction of NAT reduces the residual risk of transfusion, the risk still exists. Improving the detection sensitivity and minimizing blood transfusions are needed to improve the safety of blood transfusion.

关 键 词：人类免疫缺陷病毒 流行率 阳性发生率 输血残余风险 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学]