日光温室空气余热热泵加温系统应用效果  

Application effect of surplus air heat pump heating system in Chinese solar greenhouse

作　　者：孙维拓[1,2] 郭文忠[1,2] 徐凡[1,2] 王利春[1,2] 薛绪掌[1,2] 李银坤[1,2] 陈永平 

机构地区：[1]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]农业部农业信息技术重点实验室,北京100097 [3]北京中科华誉能源技术发展有限责任公司,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第17期235-243,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20140415);国家863计划项目(2013AA103005)

摘　　要：中国日光温室是低碳节能设施结构类型的代表,但昼夜能量分布极不平衡,白天室内热量富余,而夜间低温高湿,冷害、病虫害时有发生。为实现日光温室内热量在时间、空间上的转移,以提高空气热能利用效率,提升日光温室抵御低温能力,设计了一套日光温室空气余热热泵加温系统。白天适时运行系统,将日光温室内富余空气热能泵取并储存于蓄热水池中;夜间室内气温较低时,首先开启风机和水泵,以对流换热方式通过表冷器直接散热;当蓄热水池水温降至一定温度,逆向运行热泵系统强制放热;此外,在连阴天及极端低温天气条件下,可开启风机与翅片式电加热对温室进行应急加温。对加温系统的应用效果进行试验,试验结果表明：与对照温室相比,系统运行期间,试验温室夜间平均气温高出2.8-4.4℃,相对湿度降低8.0%-11.5%;白天平均气温降低3.7-5.2℃,相对湿度降低12.3%-16.5%。系统不仅夜间加温、降湿效果显著,同时白天降温、除湿效果显著。系统白天集热功率为12.5-16.4 k W,制热性能系数为3.3-4.2;夜间表冷器散热阶段系统放热功率为9.3-10.3 k W,性能系数为6.6-7.4;逆向运行热泵强制放热阶段系统性能系数为3.8-4.1。加温周期内系统集、放热过程始终处于制热工况,整体性能系数达2.7,节能效果显著。该研究为日光温室夜间节能加温提供了新思路。The Chinese solar greenhouse is a low carbon and energy-saving greenhouse structure, but it has an issue of energy imbalance between daytime and nighttime. Due to the surplus air heat energy, the solar greenhouse has to be ventilated in the daytime which leads to a large heat loss. However, cold damages and plant diseases and insect infection caused by low temperature and high humidity occur during cold winter night. In order to achieve transferring heat energy in terms of time and space inside the solar greenhouse, and then improve the utilization efficiency of surplus air heat energy, finally avoid low temperature in the greenhouses, a solar greenhouse surplus air heat pump heating system（SAHPHS） for the solar greenhouse was designed. In the daytime, air heat energy inside the solar greenhouse was pumped by the SAHPHS and stored in the heat reservoir. When indoor air temperature fell below the optimum range for crops in the nighttime, centrifugal fan and circulating water pump were started and heat energy stored in the heat reservoir was released directly via surface air cooler of the SAHPHS. As water temperature of the heat reservoir decreased to a certain value, the SAHPHS with a reverse operation was used to continue releasing heat energy forcibly. In addition, centrifugal fan and fin type electrical heater were used for emergency heating when encountering overcast weather for several days or extremely low air temperature. Tests for the SAHPHS were carried out from 10 Dec. 2014 to 10 Feb. 2015 and the effectiveness of the system was studied. The results showed that during running period of the SAHPHS, average air temperature inside the greenhouse was 2.8 to 4.4℃ higher than that in a comparable greenhouse in the nighttime, and the relative humidity decreased by 8% to 11.5%. Meanwhile, compared to the similar greenhouse without such system, average air temperature inside the greenhouse decreased by 3.7 to 5.2℃ and the relative humidity decreased by 12.3% to 16.5% during the daytime. So the SAHPHS not

关 键 词：温室 热泵系统 空气 加温 余热 日光温室 

分 类 号：S625.2[农业科学—园艺学] S625.4