稻麦联合收获开沟埋草多功能一体机行走及脱粒性能改进  

Improvement of walking stability and threshing performance for harvest ditch and stalk-disposing machine

作　　者：方志超[1] 陈玉仑[1] 丁为民[1] 刘玉涛[1] 秦宽[1] 李雪[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京210031

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第18期26-33,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目资助(2013BAD08B04)

摘　　要：针对自行研制的稻麦联合收获开沟埋草多功能一体机所存在的行走直线稳定性差、脱粒质量较低等问题。依据横向轴流式滚筒对稻麦秸秆的传递导流作用和二次复脱的原则,通过增设辅助滚筒的方法既改变出草口位置使开沟总成中移,消除整机偏向力,又延长秸秆在滚筒内的作用时间,提高谷物脱粒质量。其中:辅助滚筒总长为855 mm,导流角为18°,滚筒直径为452 mm,转速为1 350 r/min。性能测试表明:改进后自研一体机在0.27、0.58、0.85 m/s 3种不同工况下行走偏移度分别降低了93.9%、94.4%、93.3%,行走直线稳定性显著提高;小麦和水稻总损失率分别降低20.9%和11.8%,含杂率分别降低45.7%和21.4%。尽管水稻破碎率增加了7.4%,但脱粒的综合质量有较大提高。该研究增进了多功能一体机的适用性,为稻麦秸秆机械化集沟还田提供了参考。In rice-wheat double-cropping area, the top soil is compactible and the soil disturbance frequency is relatively lower, which eventually results in soil hardening due to the implementation of lacking tillage or no tillage. In order to increase soil disturbance frequency and improve soil environment based on conservation tillage, and solve excessive straw yield in full amount of straw returning under high-yield production, a new straw returning model named straw-returning-to-ditch was proposed. According to operation characteristics of this model, a multifunction machine combining harvester and ditch opener was designed. This machine could complete harvesting, ditching and stalk-disposing at one time, and realize multiple assignments with high efficiency. The ditching device of the multifunctional machine was biased in line with the unilateral grass outlet, which should however be aligned with the grass outlet to ensure the rice straw to be collected into the ditch reliably. So, after long-term practice, the assignment of the ditching device led to unilateral bearing, poor straight walking performance and running deviation for this machine, which was difficult to manipulate. Meanwhile, the machine still had some threshing problems, for example, under threshing and high loss rate in the process of harvesting. Therefore, based on the principle of transfer guide function and secondary threshing of the lateral cylinder, an assisted threshing cylinder that was located at the rear of the main threshing cylinder was equipped, which constituted a double threshing cylinder structure. And the grass inlet was connected with the main threshing cylinder. The double threshing cylinder structure could effectively solve the problem of the machine unilateral bearing and low harvest quality through changing the position of grass outlet, making the ditching device located in the middle surface of the track to eliminate deflecting force, and increasing the threshing time to improve harvesting quality. Combined with the characteristic

关 键 词：农业机械 优化 设计 秸秆还田 行走偏移度 脱粒质量 轴流滚筒 

分 类 号：S225.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]