长沙地区女孩性征发育的年代变化和性早熟的调查  

Research on the current status and secular change of puberty development and sexual precocity in Changsha school girls

作　　者：聂珊 杨丽萍 丁敏 陈湘定[3] 向双林[3] 李翌晴 黄晓阳 叶义言 

机构地区：[1]长沙贝诺儿童生长发育研究所,长沙410005 [2]长沙贝诺医院,湖南长沙410005 [3]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《中国实用儿科杂志》2015年第10期775-778,共4页Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics

基　　金：长沙市科技计划项目(K1106185-31)

摘　　要：目的调查长沙5-15岁在校女孩性征发育的现况、自1990年来的时代变化，以及目前性早熟的发生率。方法分层群体抽样2012年5月至11月长沙城、郊区小学和初中女孩4610名，年龄5～15岁，青春发育的分级按Tanner法，发育年龄的统计用概率单位回归法，并与长沙市1989年9月至1990年9月儿童性征发育情况进行比较。结果 长沙城区女孩初潮12．1岁；乳房始发育9，3岁及成人型13．5岁；阴毛始现11．5岁及成人型17．7岁；腋毛始现12．2岁及成人型17．7岁。2012年女孩乳房开始发育的年龄城区比郊区旱0．5岁、比1990年早0．6岁，初潮年龄城区比郊区早0．3岁、比1990年早0．8岁。女孩总体性早熟发生率1．97％，其中城区2．36％，郊区1．25％；城区女孩乳房早发育率1．73％，高于郊区（0．75％）。所有上述差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 长沙城区女孩青春发育及初潮年龄均有明显时代提前趋势，女孩青春发育开始时间城区明显早于郊区，女孩性早熟发生率城区明显高于郊区，但个体差异较大。s Objective To research the current status of the pubertal development and the secular changes since 1990 andthe current rate of sexual precocity in the Changsha school girls aged 5 - 15. Methods All 4610 girls are from primary andsecondary schools of urban and rural area in Changsha and were chosen by stratified cluster sampling ; the stages of pubertyare decided according to Tanner method, and the statistics for the developmental age is calculated by probit regression analysis.Results Changsha urban girls had menarche at 12.1 years, breast development onset at 9.3 years and the adult stage at 13.5years, pubic hair onset at 11.5 years and the adult stage at 17.7 years, armpit hair onset at 12.2 years and the adult stage at17.7 years. In 2012 the age of breast development onset of the urban girls was 0.5 years earlier than that of the rural girls and0.6 years earlier than that in 1990, and menarcheal age of the urban girls was 0.3 years earlier than that of the rural girls and0.8 years earlier than that in 1990. The rate of sexual precocity was 1.97% in total, including 2.36% in the urban and 1.25%in the rural; the rate of breast early development in the urban girls was 1.73% and more than that in the rural girls （0.75%）.All the differences above were significant in statistics（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion There is an obvious secular advance trendin the development of puberty and the menarche age in the Changsha urban girls. The time of the puberty onset in the urbangirls is significantly earlier than that in the rural girls, and the rate of sexual precocity in the urban girls is significantly higherthan that in the rural girls, but the individual variation is larger.

关 键 词：女孩 第二性征 初潮 性早熟 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]