我国西北和东南地区多孔菌种群差异  

Population difference of polypores in northwest and southeast of China

作　　者：王小燕[1] 魏玉莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室,沈阳110016

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第10期3160-3166,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31370514)资助

摘　　要：多孔菌是木材腐朽真菌中对木材降解发挥作用最大、种类最多的一个类群,对森林中营养物质的循环具有极为重要的作用.本文对北起天山、祁连山、宝天曼,南至武夷山的4个不同地点的多孔菌物种组成和区系进行了比较分析.调查发现,天山地区具有多孔菌种类72种,祁连山为99种,宝天曼为124种,武夷山为156种.这4个地区的共有物种为14种.上述地区多孔菌的属地理成分均以世界广布和北温带分布为主,具有明显的北温带成分区系特征.比较木材降解方式发现,白腐菌种类在各地区所占物种比例由北到南呈上升趋势,褐腐菌的比例总体呈下降趋势.生长在被子植物上的多孔菌种类在宝天曼地区所占比例最多.天山和祁连山地区的稀有种和濒危种主要生长在针叶树上,宝天曼和武夷山则主要生长在阔叶树上.从4个地区多孔菌的多样性、基质选择和降解方式差异来看,森林植被类型在其中起到很大的作用.Polypores are an important group of wood-rotting fungi and play a key role in decomposing wood in the forest ecosystem. Based on field investigations and laboratory analysis,fungal flora and diversity composition of polypores in Tianshan Moutains,Qilian Mountains,Baotianman Nature Reserve and Wuyi Mountains were analyzed. In total,72 polypore species were found in Tianshan Mountains,99 in Qilian Mountains, 124 in Baotianman Nature Reserve and 156 in Wuyi Mountains. There were fourteen common species in the four zones. The biogeography could be divided into 4 groups at genera level of the four zones,the important elements were North temperate element and cosmopolitan element,and floristic analysis showed a distinct north temperate character.The proportion of white rot polypores in the four zones increased from northwest to southeast of China,while the proportion of brown rot polypores decreased. Polypores preferentially grew on angiosperm trees compared to gymnosperm trees. Among the four zones,polypores in Baotianman had the highest proportion of species living on angiosperm trees. Rare and threatened species in Tianshan Mountains and Qilian Mountains were mainly found on conifer trees,while in the other two zones,most rare and threatened species were found on broadleaf trees. Generally,the distinctions of these four areas were mainly affected by the forest type.

关 键 词：多孔菌多样性 区系 分布特征 保护 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]