新疆北部干旱区湿地蚊类物种多样性的水平分布及与气象因子关系  

Horizontal pattern and correlation with meteorological factors on mosquito diversity in the arid wetlands in north of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

作　　者：李海龙[1] 袁江玲[2] 张桂林[1] 郑重[1] 尹小平[3] 孙响[1] 刘晓明[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆军区疾病预防控制中心,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心 [3]阿拉山口出入境检验检疫局

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2015年第5期458-463,共6页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31270466)~~

摘　　要：目的调查和分析新疆北部边境干旱区主要湿地蚊类多样性沿纬度梯度的分布及与重要环境因素的关系。方法采用CO2灯诱法,对新疆北部边境干旱区5个主要湿地蚊类进行调查取样,测定蚊类的α多样性、β多样性随纬度梯度的变化情况,并应用冗余分析法对气象因子与物种多度之间的关系进行分析。结果共捕获蚊类20 731只,隶属5属16种,刺扰伊蚊占捕获总数的55.98%,是新疆北部干旱区湿地的优势蚊种;由南向北,5个湿地的物种丰富度分别为8、11、5、9和8,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数分别为1.23、1.11、0.24、0.57和0.35,Pielou多样性指数分别为0.59、0.46、0.15、0.26和0.17;相邻湿地间Cody指数分别为5.5、4.0、2.0和2.5;排序分析前4个排序轴特征值分别为0.510、0.256、0.142和0.078,气象因子与物种多度间的相关系数分别为0.999、0.999、0.995和0.996,前4个排序轴蒙特卡洛检验差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论刺扰伊蚊是新疆北部干旱区湿地的优势蚊种,新疆北部干旱区湿地蚊类α多样性、β多样性随纬度升高总体上呈下降趋势、γ多样性变化不明显。排序分析结果显示,降雨量对新疆北部湿地蚊类群落结构和分布影响最为重要,其次是气温和日照时数,说明新疆北部边境干旱区5个主要湿地蚊类多度是多种气象因子综合作用的结果。Objective To better understand the changes of mosquito biodiversity patterns along latitude gradient in arid wetlands of north of Xinjiang, and explain the correlation between species abundance and environment through redundancy analysis （RDA）. Methods Mosquitoes were collected from 5 arid wetlands with CO2 light-trap, and α biodiversity index, β biodiversity index were estimated with consideration of latitude increase, and relation between species abundance and environment was analyzed by RDA ordination. Results A total 20 731 mosquitoes of 16 species in 5 genera were collected in subject area, and Aedes vexans which accounted for 55.98% of total captured was the predominant species in arid wetlands of north Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The indices of 5 wetlands, from south to north, were 8, 11, 5, 9, 8 for richness, 1.23, 1.11, 0.24, 0.57, 0.35 for Shannon-Weiner index, and 0.59, 0.46, 0.15, 0.26, 0.17 for Pielou index, respectively. And the Cody index was 5.5, 4.0, 2.0, 2.5, between two wetlands neighbored respectively. And eigenvalues were 0.510, 0.256, 0.142, 0.078, species-environment correlations were 0.999, 0.999, 0.995, 0.996, for 4 axes respectively, and Monte Carlo permutation tests were significant statistically for each axis （P〈0.01. Conclusion Aedes vexans was the predominant species in arid wetlands of north frontier of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Both α biodiversity index and β biodiversity index showed overall dechne with increasing latitude, and no obvious change was observed through γ biodiversity analysis. Precipitation had the most significant impact on abundance, followed by temperature and light hours. And comprehensive effect of meteorological variables contributed to the pattern of species abundance in 5 wetlands in north of Xinjiang.

关 键 词：干旱区湿地 蚊类 多样性 气象因素 冗余分析 

分 类 号：R384.1[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]