计算式互惠机制探讨--认知和动机的物种比较  

Mechanism of Calculated Reciprocity: Comparison between Species on Cognition and Motivation

作　　者：熊明瑞 张真[1] 施建农[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所,行为科学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]Department of Learning and Philosophy, Aalborg University, Denmark

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2015年第10期1746-1754,共9页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：中国科学院心理研究所青年科学基金(O9CX021002);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31000469);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-EW-J-8);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAI36B02)资助

摘　　要：与灵长类动物相比,人类社会中存在广泛的互惠行为,这种广泛性表现为人类具有独特的计算式互惠。本文从计算式互惠的认知和动机机制两方面对人类儿童和灵长类动物进行比较,以期从近因机制的角度为人类互惠行为的复杂性提供解释依据。未来研究需要重视从个体发展和个体差异的视角探寻认知和动机因素对计算式互惠的影响,并注重从互动双方各自的角度对各影响因素进行区别和分析,从而更全面地提供有关人类互惠近因机制的证据。Compared .with non-human primates, human beings show widespread reciprocity in their social life. This is due to the existence of calculated reciprocity. The current article compares cognition and motivation related with calculated reciprocity in children and non-human primates. It is expected that we can provide an explanation for complicated reciprocity in human by analyzing species＇ performance from the aspect of proximate mechanism. To investigate human reciprocity from proximate mechanism, future researches should （1） explore the effect of cognition and motivation on calculated reciprocity both from human ontogeny and individual difference; （2） differentiate and analyze impact factors from the perspective of actors and recipients respectively.

关 键 词：灵长类动物 儿童 计算式互惠 认知能力 动机 

分 类 号：B843[哲学宗教—心理学] B844