孤独症:大脑极端男性化的表现形态?  

Autism: Is It An Extreme Form of the “Male Brain”?

作　　者：曹漱芹[1] 曹颜颜 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学杭州幼儿师范学院,杭州310012

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2015年第10期1775-1788,共14页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(12YJC880004);浙江省自然科学基金一般项目(Y13C090017);浙江师范大学教育学一级学科基地研究生创新课题项目(JXYSSS087)资助

摘　　要：2002年,英国剑桥大学Baron-Cohen等研究者正式提出了广受关注的孤独症"极端男性脑理论"(Extreme Male Brain Theory),核心观点是认为孤独症是男性认知风格的极端变体,其在以"共情"为特征的女性心理特质上存在缺陷,而在以"系统化"为特征的男性心理特质上获得扩展。极端男性脑理论以"共情-系统化理论"为基础,又拓展到之后的"高度系统化理论",理论体系不断完善。尽管也面临一些挑战,但该理论业已得到心理学、神经科学乃至生物学等多学科大量研究的汇聚式支持,尤其是有关孤独症早期宫内过高雄性激素的发现更为其提供了最为有力的证据。在这一框架下,孤独症群体中的男性居多、指长比、利手、玩耍行为、父母职业以及孤岛能力等相关特质都能得到较合理解释,这为我们认识孤独症现象提供了崭新的视角。In 2002, ＂Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism＂ was proposed by Professor Baron-Cohen at the University of Cambridge. In his theory, autism is thought to be an extreme form of the typical male cognitive style. The female mentality, characterized by empathy, is usually deficient in autism, while male mentality, characterized by systematism, is greatly developed. This theory was established on the basis of the empathizing-systemizing theory, and then developed into the hyper-sensitizing theory. Although facing some challenges, the theory has gained support in many disciplines： psychological, neurological, biological, etc. In particular, a high intrauterine testosterone level was found in the fetus with autism, as demonstrated by digit ratio, handedness, play behavior, parental occupation, as well as islets of ability, etc. This theory provides us with a new perspective for understanding autism.

关 键 词：孤独症 极端男性脑 共情 系统化 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]