中国古代食盐专卖制度的法律问题探析——以清代“盐引”制度下河东盐商活动为例  

Some Topics in the Salt Monopoly System in Ancient China:Based on the Case Study of Hedong Salt Merchants in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：朱喆琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100086

出　　处：《法学杂志》2015年第10期134-140,共7页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目"清代物权法律研究(青年基金项目)"(批准号:10YJC820128)的研究成果

摘　　要：食盐专卖是中国古代专卖制度的典型代表。"盐引"作为国家给予盐商专卖许可的书面凭证而存在。清代"盐引"所构建出的法律秩序及河东盐商的经营活动体现出国家立法意图与商人实际交易实践的冲突,反映了民间商事规则与国家经济立法的互动。本文选取清代早期至咸丰年间河东盐商的经营情况为例,通过对清代"盐引"制度的实际实施情况的考察,以法律关系中主体的行为角度入手,将具体商人实践与国家行为结合,探讨在政治制度与经济环境的双重约束下"盐引"在清代盐业贸易发挥的特殊作用。清代"盐引"所构建出的法律秩序也体现出国家立法意图与商人实际交易的冲突和融合,反映了民间商事规则与国家经济立法的互动过程。Salt is necessary for life and been regard as an important strategic material in so- cial production. The rulers of ancient China recognized early on that the stable salt supply was closely related to the national economy and people livelihood. Analyzing the legal attributes of Salt Coupon is useful to understand the legal relationships existed between the Government and salt merchants. With the developments of social economy from mid to late Qing Dynasty, the Law of Salt has undergone a series of great changes. This thesis analyzes the business circumstance of salt production process of Hedong salt merchants from the early Qing Dynasty to Xianfeng Period. It also gives an opinion that the legal attribute of salt coupon is integrations and changes, because of the change and development of both commercial functions and modes of salt coupon. During the historical process, that is to say, the salt coupon has some legal attributes, which included national commercial franchising, the function of normal business and the letter of credit.

关 键 词：清代 盐引 法 河东盐商 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] D922.294[历史地理—历史学] K249[历史地理—中国史]