PM_(2.5)及其测量与影响研究简史  

A brief history of PM_(2.5),its measurement and adverse effects

作　　者：CHOW Judith C 曹军骥[3] 李顺诚[3,4] 王小亮 WATSON John G 

机构地区：[1]Division of Atmospheric Sciences,Desert Research Institute [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所 黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710075 [3]中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710075 [4]Department of Civil and Structural Engineering,Research Center for Environmental Technology and Management,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2012年第5期1019-1029,共11页Journal of Earth Environment

摘　　要：美国率先建立的国家环境空气质量标准(NAAQS)旨在保护公众健康,而该理念已被包括中国在内的众多国家所采用。针对大气悬浮颗粒物(PM),NAAQS根据PM在仪器检测以及人体吸入时的粒径选择性特征,定义了总悬浮颗粒(TSP)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)及其相应的质量浓度标准。这些指标的建立是基于长达300年来颗粒物监测技术发展及其危害评价的结果。因此2012年中国在颁布实施新PM_(2.5)空气质量标准时,PM_(2.5)的监测及评价方面有了更多科学积累与技术选择。本文简要回顾了PM的粒径分布、化学组成、可吸入特征、人体健康效应及空气质量标准等研究简史,根据其他国家的发展经验,提出中国在观测网络设计、测量仪器选择和使用、质量控制和质量保证及监测结果分析等方面需要确立自己独特的行业指南。对于未来空气质量的管理和标准制定,应同时考虑多种污染物及其对公众健康、能见度、气候、材料及生态系统的影响。National Ambient Air Quality Standards （NAAQS） were first established in the United States to protect public health, and this concept has been adopted in many countries, including China. For suspended particulate matter （PM）, the NAAQS indicator evolved from total suspended particles （TSP）, to PM10, and to PM2.5 mass concentrations, as defined by the PM size-selective properties of the monitoring instrument and human inhalation characteristics. These indicators were based on a 300-year evolution of PM measurement methods and observations that related PM to adverse effects. Several options for PM2.5 measurement and assessment are available to China as it implements its new PMz5 air quality standards. Although China can lemn much from the experience in other countries, it can leapfrog ahead in terms of PM2.5 monitoring and emission reduction technologies. China should create unique guidance documents for network design, equipment selection and operation, quality control and quality assurance, and interpretation of results. Future air quality management and standards will need to consider multiple pollutants and their effects on visibility, climate, materials, and ecosystems in addition to the primary concerns about public health.

关 键 词：PM2 .5 PM10 气溶胶采样 粒径选择切割头 复合污染物 国家环境空气质量标准 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]