西安市大气污染物浓度特征及影响因素分析  

Characteristics and affecting factors of atmospheric pollutants in Xi'an

作　　者：郭伟[1] 程燕[1] 樊巍[1] 王妮[1] 肖波[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院地球环境科学系,西安710049 [2]西安市气象局,西安710016

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2014年第4期235-242,共8页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(21107084)

摘　　要：以西安市环境监测站公布的2010—2012年大气污染物数据作为分析资料,结合各监测点所处位置和年际间的污染物浓度数据差异,分析2010—2012年间西安市大气污染物随时间和空间的分布特征,并进行了污染状况与风向风速、降雨、雾霾天气及冬季采暖等因素的关联性分析。结果表明,PM_(10)是西安市的主要空气污染物,其次是NO_2、SO_2。SO_2污染状况呈下降趋势,2010(43.2±26.0μg·m^(-3))>2011(42.3±35.2μg·m^(-3))>2012(40.2±25.6μg·m^(-3));NO_2浓度变化趋势与SO_2有所不同,呈先下降后增高的趋势,2010—2011下降9%,2011—2012升高2.7%;PM_(10)的变化趋势与NO_2相同,2010(123.8±20.8μg·m^(-3))>2012(118.8±40.8μg·m^(-3))>2011(118.4±37.9μg·m^(-3))。时空分布特征显示西安市大气污染物浓度夏季最低,冬季、春季最高;高压开关厂、高新西区污染较重,草滩、兴庆小区污染较轻。降雨量、风向风速都能影响大气污染状况,NO_2与风向风速的相关性最强,PM_(10)与降雨量的相关性最强,小雨更有利于PM_(10)去除。扬尘天气会使PM_(10)浓度剧增4倍左右,但对SO_2和NO_2浓度没有太大的影响;雨天SO_2,NO_2,PM_(10)的浓度都低于非下雨天的浓度;采暖季污染重于非采暖季,其中SO_2的浓度受采暖的影响最大,其次是PM_(10)最小的是NO_2。The temporal and spatial characteristics of airborne pollutants （e.g., PM10, SO2, and NO2） in Xi＇an were studied based on three-year continuous measurements of the air quality monitoring network of Xi＇an Environmental Protection Bureau. Meteorological data such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and wind direction were used to identify the factors affecting the air quality in ambient atmosphere. PM10 is the main air pollutant, followed by NO2 and SO2. Annual average SO2 concentrations have decreased slightly from 2010 to 2012. PM,0 and NO2 have the same trend with 2010 （123.8±20.8μg·m^-3 for PM,0 and 45.8±13.6μg·m^-3 for NO2） 〉 2012 （118.8±40.8μg·m^-3 for PMm and 42.7±15.6 μg·m^-3 for NO2） 〉 2011 （118.4±37.9 μg·m^-3 for PMI0 and 41.6±14.2μg·m^-3 for NO2）. The concentration of air pollutants in Xi＇an is lowest in summer and highest in autumn or winter. For the spatial characteristics of air quality, the districts of Switchgear Factory and western High-tech are heavily polluted, while the districts of Caotan and Xingqing community are better. Several meteorological data have been found to affect the loading of pollutants in atmosphere. Concentrations of pollutants are generally affected by wind speed, especially for NO2. The concentrations of PM10 decrease significantly after a rainfall, especially in drizzling time, but increase substantially during a hazy day, with a maximum of four times of a normal day. Poor air quality has been found during heating seasons and concentrations of SO2 are increased significantly.

关 键 词：西安 PM10 SO2 NO2 影响因素 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]